A Traveling Exhibition Coming in 2013

Month: December 2010 Page 3 of 4

1863 (Fighting for Liberty) Marie Brose Tepe

Marie Brose Tepe (House Divided)

Sources
Important secondary sources include Linda Grant De Pauw’s Battle Cries and Lullabies: Women in War from Prehistory to the Present (2000), Larry G. Eggleston’s Women in the Civil War: Extraordinary Stories of Soldiers, Spies, Nurses, Doctors, Crusaders, Others (2003), and Richard Hall’s Women on the Civil War Battlefront (2006). Tepe is also featured on the PA Civil War 150 website.

Places to Visit
See the Gettysburg National Military Park Museum and Visitor Center in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

Images
Images are available on Tepe’s House Divided profile and on the PA Civil War 150 site.

1863 (Fighting for Liberty) Samuel Wilkeson

Lieutenant Bayard Wilkeson leading Battery G, 4th U.S. Artillery at the Battle of Gettysburg

Narrative
Sam Wilkeson was a war correspondent for the New York Times who had sons in the Union army, including Lt. Bayard Wilkeson, an artillery officer who was mortally wounded on the first day at Gettysburg. The story of Bayard’s death became a northern sensation since he was one of the youngest artillery officers in the army, the son of a prominent journalist and also because he died in a particularly heroic fashion. The young lieutenant covered the retreating forces from the Union XI Corps on the battle’s first day and reportedly had to amputate his own shattered leg when doctors were forced to flee in the face of the oncoming Confederates. The elder Wilkeson, who was married to Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s sister, recovered his mangled son’s body in Gettysburg’s aftermath and wrote an angry report in the Times which appeared on July 6. The article began: “Who can write the history of a battle whose eyes are immovably fastened upon a central figure of transcendingly absorbing interest –the dead body of an oldest born son, crushed by a shell in a position where a battery should never have been sent, and abandoned to death in a building where surgeons dared not to stay.” Unionists later redistributed the moving piece as a pamphlet under the title: Samuel Wilkeson’s Thrilling Word Picture Of Gettysburgh. Artist Alfred Waud also drew a famous sketch of the young Wilkeson directing his battery on the battlefield. The story remains one of the most compelling of the battle. You can read more about it here at a special blog site built by Civil War enthusiast Randy Chadwick. Also, Louis M. Starr’s Bohemian Brigade: Civil War Newsmen in Action (1954) provides good context and more detail about Sam Wilkeson, one of the nation’s first embedded war correspondents. A more recent study by Michael A. Dreese, Torn Families: Death and Kinship at the Battle of Gettysburg (2007), provides several descriptive pages (available through Google Books) as part of a fascinating chapter on fathers and sons during the war.

Life & Family
Samuel Wilkeson was a reporter at the Battle of Gettysburg and his son, Bayard, was killed during the battle. Bayard’s brother Frank Wilkeson also served with the Union army during the war and died in 1913.

Sources
After the Battle of Gettysburg, Wilkeson’s report was published in the New York Times. You can read that report on House Divided (See page 1 ; page 2). Important secondary sources include  Richard M. Rollins’ Pickett’s Charge: Eyewitness Accounts at the Battle of Gettysburg (2005) and Michael A. Dreese’s Torn Families: Death and Kinship at the Battle of Gettysburg (2007). You can learn more about death during the Civil War in Drew Gilpin Faust’s This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War (2008).

Places to Visit
You can visit the monument for Battery G of the 4th U.S. Artillery on Howard Avenue in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. An identical monument is also at the National Cemetery. While in Gettysburg you can also visit the Gettysburg National Military Park Museum and Visitor Center and the David Wills House.

Images
Alfred R. Waud drew this image of Lieutenant Bayard Wilkeson leading Battery G during the battle.

1863 (Fighting for Liberty) Susie King Taylor

Susie King Taylor (House Divided)

Sources
A key primary source is Susie King Taylor’s Reminiscences of My Life in Camp with the 33d United States Colored Troops Late 1st S. C. Volunteers (1902). Also see Taylor’s profile online at the New Georgia Encyclopedia and Catherine Clinton’s “Susie King Taylor: ‘I Gave My Services Willingly,'” in volume 1 of Georgia Women: Their Lives and Times (2009).

Places to Visit
Taylor is buried in Mount Hope Cemetery, which is located in Mattapan, Massachusetts.

Images
An image of Taylor is available on her  House Divided profile.

1863 (Fighting for Liberty) Taylor Brothers

Taylor Brothers (National Park Service)

On July 2, 1863 at 5:40AM Isaac Taylor recorded in his diary that his regiment, the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment, had arrived at Gettysburg. “Order from Gen. [John] Gibbon read to us in which he says this is to be the great battle of the war & that any soldier leaving ranks without leave will be instantly put to death,” as Taylor noted. By the end of the day 215 of the 262 soldiers in the regiment had been killed or wounded. While Isaac had died, his brother, Patrick Henry Taylor, apparently made it out of the battle without injury. Patrick added the final entry to the diary, which explained that Isaac had been “killed by a shell about sunset” and was “buried…[about] a mile South of Gettysburg.”

Life & Family
While both Isaac and Patrick Henry (family and friends called him “Henry” or “P. H.”) were born in Rowe, Massachusetts, their family moved to a farm in Fulton County, Illinois in the early 1850s. After they graduated from a school in Prairie City, Illinois, they went to Burlington University in Burlington, Iowa. Both became teachers after college – Isaac in Fulton and Henry in Morrison County, Minnesota. In 1861 Henry joined the First Minnesota in late May while Isaac followed several months later in August. Isaac’s diary covers his Civil War experience between January 1862 and his death at Gettysburg on July 2, 1863. Henry also kept a diary, which was published in the Cass County Democrat in 1933. After the Civil War, Henry went back to Fulton County, Illinois to teach. In 1867 Henry moved to Missouri, when he continued to teach and work on his farm. He died in Harrisonville, Missouri on Dec 20, 1907. While it is unclear when he married, Mary Ann, Henry’s first wife ,died on May 8, 1866. Henry married Harriet R Thomas in Greenbush, Illinois, on Aug 29, 1867 and had seven children.

Isaac Taylor, whose parents were Johnathan Hastings Taylor Alvira Johnson, had twelve siblings. Four other Taylor brothers also served in the Union army during the Civil War. While Jonathan (Second Minnesota Battery of Light Artillery), Danford (Twelfth Illinois Cavalry), and Samuel (102nd Illinois Infantry) survived the war, Judson was with Company K of the Eleventh Illinois Cavalry when he died at Vicksburg on December 1, 1864.

Sources
The Minnesota History Magazine published Isaac’s Taylor’s diary in 4 sections, which you can download as PDF files: Part 1 ; Part 2 ; Part 3 ; Part 4. The Richard Moe Collection at the Minnesota Historical Society also has material related to the Taylor brothers, including obituaries, letters, a photograph of Henry and Isaac Taylor, a transcript of Patrick Henry Taylor’s diary. They apparently do not have the original copy of Isaac Taylor’s diary. As noted in Part 1 of the diary (see footnote 2 page 11), Miss Emma R. Taylor of Avon, Illinois owns other materials related to the Taylor family.

Letters and diaries about the Battle of Gettysburg written by other members of the First Minnesota are available on this page. In addition, you can read another account of the regiment’s actions in James A. Wright’s No More Gallant a Deed: a Civil War Memoir of the First Minnesota Volunteers (2001). Several historians have studied the First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, including John Quinn Imholte’s The First Volunteers; History of the First Minnesota Volunteer Regiment, 1861-1865 (1963),  Richard Moe’s Last Full Measure: The Life and Death of the First Minnesota Volunteers (1993), and Brian Leehan’s Pale Horse at Plum Run: The First Minnesota at Gettysburg (2004).

Places to Visit
The Minnesota Historical Society in St. Paul has collections that contain material on the Taylor Brothers. You can learn more about their current exhibits on this page. In addition, the First Minnesota Infantry’s monument at Gettysburg National Military Park is located at Hancock Avenue and Humphreys Avenue. See this page to learn more about the monument.

Artifacts
The Minnesota Historical Society has this First Minnesota Regimental Battle Flag that was at the Battle of Gettysburg. In addition, Private Marshall Sherman of Company Company C (First Minnesota) captured this 28th Virginia Battle Flag during Pickett’s Charge on July 3, 1863. Other items available at the Minnesota Historical Society include this Canteen, Bayonet Sheath, a Frock Coat, different kinds of drums, a kerosene army stove, and a badge from the First Minnesota reunion at Gettysburg in 1897.

Images
A photograph of Patrick H. Taylor and Issac Taylor from 1863 is available from http://www.1stminnesota.net/. While they cite the US Army Military History Institute, we are still searching their records. It does not appear to be in their digital Civil War Photograph collection. The Minnesota Historical Society’s Virtual Resources Database also has other images related to the First Minnesota,  including:

Officers of the 1st Minnesota Volunteers standing in front of the commandant’s quarters

Company D, 1st Minnesota Regiment posed at the southeast corner of Nicollet Avenue and First Street, Minneapolis.”

Dedication of monument to First Minnesota Regiment at Gettysburg.” (July 2, 1897)

Survivors of the 1st Minnesota at Gettysburg. (1913)

Reunion of 1st Minnesota Volunteers at the Minnesota Soldiers Home” (1921)

 

1864 (Arguing for Justice) Augusta Jane Evans

Augusta Jane Evans (House Divided)

Sources
Evans wrote several books, including Inez: A Tale of the Alamo (1855), Beulah (1859), Macaria; or Altars of Sacrifice (1864), St. Elmo (1867), Vashti; or, Until Death Us Do Part (1869), Infelice (1875), and At the Mercy of Tiberius (1887). Other important primary sources include Rebecca Grant Sexton’s  A Southern Woman of Letters: The Correspondence of Augusta Jane Evans Wilson (2002). Some scholars have examined Evans’  novels, including William Perry Fidler’s Augusta Evans Wilson, 1835–1909: A Biography (1951), Drew Gilpin Faust’s “Altars of Sacrifice: Confederate Women and the Narratives of War,” Journal of American History (1990), and Anna Sophia Riepma’s Fire and Fiction: Augusta Jane Evans in Context (2000).  In addition, Evans has a profile at the online Encyclopedia of Alabama.

Places to Visit
Evans is buried next to her brother in Magnolia Cemetery, which is located at 1202 Virginia Street in Mobile, Alabama. This cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Images
The State Archives of Alabama has two images of Evans and one of her house.

1864 (Arguing for Justice) Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass (House Divided)

Sources
Douglass wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave in 1845 and published Life and Times of Frederick Douglass in 1881. Other primary sources include Philip S. Foner’s Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass (1950-1975), John W. Blassingame’s The Frederick Douglass Papers: Speeches, Debates, and Interviews (1979-1992), and the Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress.

Important secondary sources include Dickson J. Preston’s Young Frederick Douglass: The Maryland Years (1980), David W. Blight’s Frederick Douglass’ Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee (1989), Frederick S. Voss, Majestic in His Wrath: A Pictorial Life of Frederick Douglass (1995), John Stauffer’s The Black Hearts of Men: Radical Abolitionists and the Transformation of Race (2002), and James Oakes’ The Radical and The Republican: Fredrick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, and the Triumph of Antislavery Politics (2007).

Artifacts
The National Park Service’s “Frederick Douglass: Virtual Museum Exhibit” has a number of items, including Douglass’ shoes and Douglass’ death mask.

Places to Visit
In Washington, DC you can visit Douglass’ house at the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site. A virtual tour of the house is also available. In addition, there are a number of historical markers about Douglass, including one in Chambersburg, Pennslvyania that marks the place where Douglass met abolitionist John Brown in August 1859.

Images
Over 15 images of Douglass are online at the National Park Service’s “Frederick Douglass: Virtual Museum Exhibit.” Some of those photographs are included in the slideshow below.

1864 (Fighting for Liberty) Harriet L. Whiteside

Harriet Whiteside (House Divided)

Sources
This short profile of Harriet L. Whiteside is in volume 6 of A History of Tennessee and Tennesseans (1913).

Places to Visit
Whiteside lived in Chattanooga, Tennessee. It is unclear whether their house still stands today.

Images
You can find a photograph of their house in Chattanooga, Tennessee in volume 6 of A History of Tennessee and Tennesseans (1913).

1864 (Fighting for Liberty) William Edgeworth Bird

“Pennsylvania has burning homesteads and desolate wives.  The beautiful town of Chambersburg is a black, charred mass.  There is retribution at last….All will yet be well… Every advance is peril to Sherman; our head men will yet devise a plan to crush him.”

-Captain William Edgeworth Bird, 15th Georgia Infantry, Summer 1864

Sources
An important primary source is John Rozier’s The Granite Farm Letters: The Civil War Correspondence of Edgeworth and Sallie Bird (1988). In addition, a letter from a chaplain who served in the 15th Georgia Infantry, Atticus G. Haygood, is in John Wesley Brinsfield’s The Spirit Divided: Memoirs of Civil War Chaplains: The Confederacy (2006). Important secondary sources include Dave Dameron’s Benning’s Brigade: A History and Roster of the Fifteenth Georgia (1997) and John Rigdon’s The Fighting Fifteenth: A Regimental History, Georgia Fifteenth Infantry Regiment (1998).

Places to Visit
William Bird participated in the Gettysburg campaign in the summer of 1863. While in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania you can visit the Gettysburg National Military Park Museum and Visitor Center. Bird is buried in Oconee Hill Cemetery, which is located in Athens, Georgia.

Artifacts
The Georgia Archives has the 15th Georgia Infantry Regiment flag.

1865 (Fighting for Liberty) James Monroe Trotter

James Monroe Trotter

Sources
Several letters that James Trotter wrote while serving in the 55th Massachusetts are in Noah Andre Trudeau’s Voices of the 55th: Letters from the 55th Massachusetts Volunteers, 1861-1865 (1996). In addition, editor Richard M. Reid cites Trotter several times in Practicing Medicine in a Black Regiment: The Civil War Diary of Burt G. Wilder, 55th Massachusetts (2010) – for example, see page 33 and page 37. After the Civil War, Trotter published Music and Some Highly Musical People in 1886. As for primary sources on James’ son, Boston University has a collection of William Monroe Trotter’s papers that contain material about William’s involvement with organizations like the National Equal Rights League, the NAACP, and the Pullmans Association. In addition, the W. E. B. Du Bois papers at the University of Massachusetts includes correspondence with William Trotter. For example, in one letter William invited Du Bois to deliver a speech in Boston about Reconstruction. Important secondary sources include Stephen B. Fox’s The Guardian of Boston: William Monroe Trotter (1970), Charles W. Puttkammer and Ruth Worthy’s “William Monroe Trotter, 1872-1934,” Journal of Negro History 43 (1958): 298-316, and Robert Stevenson’s “America’s First Black Music Historian,” Journal of the American Musicological Society 26 (1973): 383-404. You can also read James Trotter’s profile at the Ohio History Center.

Places to Visit
Trotter was wounded on November 30, 1864 during the Battle of Honey Hill, which took place near Ridgeland in Jasper County, South Carolina. This battle was part of General William T. Sherman’s March to the Sea. In Boston you can find historical markers for the James Monroe Trotter House (68 Neponset Avenue) and the William Monroe Trotter House (97 Sawyer Avenue).

Images
House Divided has an image of James Trotter as well as a 1915 image of his son William Monroe Trotter. In addition, the Burt Green Wilder Collection at Cornell University has a photograph of James Trotter in uniform. A 1922 photograph of William Trotter is online at the NYPL Digital Gallery.

1892 (Arguing for Justice) Ida Bell Wells

Ida Bell Wells-Barnett (House Divided)

Life & Family
Her parents died from yellow fever in 1878. Wells married Ferdinand L. Barnett in 1895 and had four children: Charles, Herman, Ida, and Alfreda.

Sources
As part of her campaign against lynching, Wells published several pamphlets, including Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases (1892), The Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynching in the United States (1895), and Mob Rule In New Orleans: Robert Charles and His Fight to Death, the Story of His Life, Burning Human Beings Alive, Other Lynching Statistics (1900). The Ida B. Wells Papers are at the Joseph Regenstein Library, University of Chicago. Other important primary sources include Trudier Harris’ Selected Works of Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1991) and Miriam DeCosta-Willis’ The Memphis Diary of Ida B. Wells (1995). Her daughter, Alfreda M. Duster, published Her Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells in 1970. Important secondary sources include Linda O. McMurry’s To Keep the Waters Troubled: The Life of Ida B. Wells (1998) and James West Davidson’s They say’: Ida B. Wells and the Reconstruction of Race (2007).

Places to Visit
A historical marker is located on Beale Street in Memphis, Tennessee. This marker honors Wells’ work as editor of the Memphis Free Speech. After her paper published reports about the lynching of three African-American businessmen in 1892, her newspaper’s office was destroyed.

Images
While the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division has several images, only one is available for download at a high resolution. The New York Public Library Digital Gallery also has several images.

1899 (Arguing for Justice) Presly Holliday

Presly Holliday, 1902

Life & Family
Sgt. Presley (also Pressley or Presly) Holliday, USA
(1873-1954)
Steelton High School (Class of 1890), Married Estelle M. Hill
Buried in Midland Cemetery

Sources
Key primary sources include the following letters:

Presley Holliday’s letter to the editor of the New York Age, April 22, 1899 (response to Theodore Roosevelt)

Presly Holliday to George Myers June 8, 1901

Reply To Mr. Lainer,” Washington (DC) Post, May 1, 1935, p. 8: 4-5.

The Utterback Case,” Washington (DC) Post, May 7, 1935, p. 8: 6.

Are Ethiopians Negroes?,” Washington (DC) Post, September 11, 1935, p. 6: 4-5.

Thinks Fighting Men Should Be Upheld In Fight Against Unfairness,” Pittsburg (PA) Courier, June 12, 1943, p. 22: 6.

Cites Faults of a Mixed Army,” Pittsburg (PA) Courier, September 27, 1947, p. 6: 4.

Racial Mixtures,” Washington (DC) Post , December 28, 1949, p. 10: 4-5.

Holliday to President Harry Truman, September 4, 1945

While none of Holliday’s letters from the Eisenhower Administration appear to be online, see this finding aid and use the CTRL + F to search “0126 124-A-1” and find the section that lists Holliday as a “Principal Correspondents.”

Places to Visit
Presly Holliday wrote letters to several United States Presidents. While in Washington DC you can visit the White House.

1904 (Arguing for Justice) William C. Oates

William Calvin Oates (House Divided)

Sources
Important primary sources include Oates’ perspective on the Civil War in “Gettysburg: The Battle on the Right,” Southern Historical Society Papers 6 (1878) and The War Between the Union and the Confederacy (1905). Oates also published articles on a variety of other topics, such as “The Homestead Strike, A Congressional View,” North American Review 155 (1892) and “Industrial Development of the South,” North American Review 161 (1895). In addition, the Gettysburg National Military Park has the letters in which Union Col. Joshua Chamberlain and Oates discussed whether a monument for the Fifteenth Alabama should be built on Little Round Top. As for Oates’ “private papers,” his profile on American National Biography notes that a descendant owns them. Key secondary sources include Glenn LaFantasie, ed., Gettysburg: Colonel William C. Oates and Lieutenant Frank A. Haskell (1992) and Gettysburg Requiem: The Life and Lost Causes of Confederate Colonel William C. Oates (2006). You can also read LaFantasie’s article “The Inimitable William C. Oates” online at Gettysburg National Military Park’s website. Also see Mark Perry’s Conceived in Liberty: Joshua Chamberlain, William Oates, and the American Civil War (1997). As for information on the Fifteenth Alabama, see the Alabama Department of Archives & History’s Brief Historical Sketches of Military Organizations Raised In Alabama During the Civil War.

Places to Visit
You can visit Little Round Top at the Gettysburg National Military Park. While in Gettysburg you can also tour the David Wills’ house and see the bedroom where Lincoln stayed the night before he delivered the Gettysburg Address in November 1863.

Artifacts
The 15th Alabama Infantry flag is in the Alabama Civil War Period Flag Collection at the Alabama Department of Archives & History. In addition, the Gettysburg National Military Park has a number of artifacts related to the battle, including this haversack and a Confederate enlisted man’s uniform.

Images
Several images are on Oates’ House Divided profile. In addition, the Alabama Department of Archives and History posted several photographs of Oates on his profile at the Encyclopedia of Alabama.

The slideshow below includes images related to the Battle of Gettysburg.

1912 (Arguing for Justice) Edward Day Cohota

Edward Day Cohota (US Army)

Narrative
Edward Day Cohota was a young Chinese immigrant who lied about his age to be able to enlist in the Union army in 1864.  He served with honor in the 23d Massachusetts (Army of the Potomac) during some of the war’s bloodiest campaigns in Virginia.  He was present at the Battle of Cold Harbor in June 1864 and helped save the life of a fellow soldier named Low who never forgot Cohota’s bravery.  Yet some Americans did forget the contributions of Chinese.  In 1882, Congress passed the first Chinese Exclusion Act.  The anti-Chinese legislation did not affect Cohota, however, until 1912 when he was denied an application for a homestead on the grounds that he was not a legitimate citizen.  The insult infuriated the veteran.

“I have fought in the country’s service as a soldier…I believe that I, if anyone, have earned the right to be pronounced a citizen of the United States and enjoy all of its rights and privileges…I respectfully ask that some action be taken that will enable me to become a citizen of the United States of America.”

Cohota died in 1935 still stripped of his US citizenship.  Congress did not repeal the Chinese Exclusion rules until World War II.

Sources
This short report from the New York Times on November 13, 1927 notes that Cohota had “spent thirty years in the service” and “[was] spending his last days at the Battle Mountain Sanitarium” in Hot Springs, South Dakota. One important secondary source is Ruthanne Lum McCunn’s article: “Chinese In the Civil War: Ten Who Served,” Chinese America: History and Perspectives 10 (1996): 149-169. In addition, the US Army has a profile of Cohota on this page.

Places to Visit
No structures or sites related to Cohota exist. Cohota grew up abroad Captain Sargent S. Day’s ship as well as the Day family home in Gloucester, Massachusetts. After Confederates surrendered in 1865, Cohota was stationed at Fort Randall, Dakota Territory. In 1935 Cohota died at the Battle Mountain Sanitarium for Veterans in Hot Springs, South Dakota.

Images
The US Army has a photograph of Cohota on this page.

1912 (Arguing for Justice) Henry Shepherd

Henry Elliot Shepherd (House Divided)

Sources
Shepherd wrote several books, including The History of the English Language from the Teutonic Invasion of Britain to the close of the Georgian Era (1874),
Life of Robert Edward Lee (1906), and Narrative of Prison Life at Baltimore and Johnson’s Island, Ohio (1917). In addition, Documenting the American South has a short essay about Shepherd.

Places to Visit
Shepherd served in the 43rd North Carolina Infantry Regiment and was captured during the Battle of Gettysburg. The 43rd North Carolina’s monument at Gettysburg is located on East Confederate Avenue. While in Gettysburg you can also visit the Gettysburg National Military Park Museum and Visitor Center as well as tour the David Wills’ house.

Images
A photograph of Shepherd is available on his House Divided profile.

1917 (Arguing for Justice) Mary Walker

Mary Edwards Walker (Library of Congress)

Life & Family
President Andrew Johnson signed bill that authorized Medal of Honor for Walker. President Carter restored Walker’s Medal of Honor on June 10, 1977.

Sources
While Walker published two books – Hit: Essays on Women’s Rights (1871) and Unmasked, or the Science of Immorality, To Gentlemen by a Woman Physician (1878) – , she never wrote about her experiences as a surgeon during the Civil War. In addition,  the Mary Edwards Walker Papers at Syracuse University contain her correspondence.  Several books about Walker have recently been published, including Dale L. Walker’s Mary Edwards Walker: Above and Beyond (2005), Sharon M. Harris’ Dr. Mary Walker: An American Radical, 1832-1919 (2009), and Bonnie Z. Goldsmith’s Dr. Mary Edwards Walker: Civil War Surgeon & Medal of Honor Recipient (2010).  Other important secondary sources include Elizabeth D. Leonard’s Yankee Women: Gender Battles in the Civil War (1994). In addition, see entries in Judith E. Harper’s Women During the Civil War: An Encyclopedia (2007) and Lynne E. Ford’s Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics (2008). You can also read Walker’s profile at the “National Library of Medicine.” In addition, this article from the New York Times on June 4, 1977  describes the efforts to restore her Medal of Honor.

Artifacts
Walker’s original Medal of Honor is apparently at the Oswego County Historical Society in New York.

Images
Several images are in the Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Collection , including one circa 1860-70 and one circa 1911. The Mary Edwards Walker Papers at Syracuse University also contain  several photographs.

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