{"id":2810,"date":"2024-07-15T12:24:23","date_gmt":"2024-07-15T12:24:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/?page_id=2810"},"modified":"2025-07-14T11:14:36","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T11:14:36","slug":"enlightenment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/enlightenment\/","title":{"rendered":"Enlightenment"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Age of Enlightenment<\/strong><\/h2>\n<blockquote><p><em>We hold these truths to be <span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">sacred and undeniable<\/span> self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed<\/em>.\u00a0 &#8212;<a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/texts\/declaration-of-independence-1776\/\">Declaration of Independence (1776)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1303\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1303\" style=\"width: 525px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/files\/2022\/03\/John_Locke.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1303 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/files\/2022\/03\/John_Locke-885x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"Locke\" width=\"525\" height=\"607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/files\/2022\/03\/John_Locke-885x1024.jpeg 885w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/files\/2022\/03\/John_Locke-259x300.jpeg 259w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/files\/2022\/03\/John_Locke-768x888.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/files\/2022\/03\/John_Locke.jpeg 984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1303\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/texts\/john-locke-second-treatise-on-government-1689\/\">John Locke, age 65<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>Liberalism<\/h4>\n<p><em>British philosopher John Locke was one of the founders of modern liberalism<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ideology of SELF (autonomy)<\/li>\n<li>18th-century:\u00a0 Property (&#8220;pursuit of happiness&#8221;) and Natural rights<\/li>\n<li>19th-century:\u00a0 an evolution toward prioritizing markets &amp; interests (capitalists)<\/li>\n<li>19th-century: an evolution toward prioritizing human rights (abolitionists)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Republicanism<\/h4>\n<p><em>American revolutionaries who embraced Lockean liberalism for individual rights also believed in a governing philosophy of republicanism to manage a contentious society<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ideology of SELF-GOVERNMENT (democracy)<\/li>\n<li>18th-century:\u00a0 virtue, disinterest, separation of powers<\/li>\n<li>19th-century:\u00a0 an evolution toward legitimizing partisanship<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>KEY DATES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1688 \/\/ Glorious Revolution<\/p>\n<p>1775 \/\/ American Revolution<\/p>\n<p><strong>TEXT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/texts\/declaration-of-independence-1776\/\">Declaration of Independence (1776)<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#8220;Slavery&#8221;<\/h4>\n<p><em>What counts as &#8220;slavery&#8221;?<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chattel (property)<\/li>\n<li>Involuntary servitude (forced labor)<\/li>\n<li>Indentured servitude (contract labor)<\/li>\n<li>Wage servitude (paid labor)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>KEY DATES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1619 \/\/ First record of Africans sold in Virginia<\/p>\n<p>1772 \/\/ Somerset case (Lord Mansfield) in Great Britain<\/p>\n<p><strong>TEXT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Wheatley&#8217;s poem highlights the unique cruelties of chattel slavery but also the possibilities of steady resistance<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/texts\/phillis-wheatley-on-being-brought-from-africa-1773\/\">Phillis Wheatley, &#8220;On Being Brought from Africa&#8221; (1773)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Age of Enlightenment We hold these truths to be sacred and undeniable self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/enlightenment\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Enlightenment&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2810","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2810"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3165,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2810\/revisions\/3165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/teagle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}