{"id":3538,"date":"2023-06-13T14:30:04","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T14:30:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/?p=3538"},"modified":"2025-12-31T19:09:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-31T19:09:27","slug":"the-1852-augusta-and-dover-kentucky-stampede","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1852-augusta-and-dover-kentucky-stampede\/","title":{"rendered":"The 1852 Augusta and Dover Kentucky Stampede"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zb3gsdP9k18?si=ts1JNIRrwUgHC-BD\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong>DATELINE: SEPTEMBER 24, 1852, MAYSVILLE, KY<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3544\" style=\"width: 260px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/HD_scottW1c.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3544\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3544\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/HD_scottW1c.jpeg\" alt=\"headshot of Scott, beard, white hair, military epaulettes \" width=\"250\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3544\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">US army general and 1852 Whig presidential nominee Winfield Scott (<a href=\"https:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/1399\">House Divided Project<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\">Cannons thundered in salute as Whig presidential candidate Winfield Scott stepped off the dock at Maysville, Kentucky on Friday evening, September 24, 1852. Much like his Democratic rival, Franklin Pierce, Scott aimed to dodge the divisive issue of slavery in hopes of appealing to both Northern and Southern voters. But enslaved Kentuckians had other ideas. Their actions would make avoiding slavery all but impossible during the final weeks of the campaign. While many of their slaveholders traveled to Maysville that weekend and weighed whether to cast their ballots for the Whig nominee, more than 30 enslaved Kentuckians made a political decision of their own when they crossed the Ohio River on Saturday night, September 25 and exited slavery. [1] The latest &#8220;slave stampede&#8221; from the Kentucky borderlands led to an armed standoff between slaveholders and antislavery vigilance forces in Ripley, Ohio, ratcheting up sectional tensions on the eve of the 1852 presidential election.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong>STAMPEDE CONTEXT<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3548\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.27.01-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3548\" class=\"wp-image-3548 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.27.01-AM-300x130.png\" alt=\"newspaper clipping all capitals headline Another negro Stampede\" width=\"300\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.27.01-AM-300x130.png 300w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.27.01-AM-1024x444.png 1024w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.27.01-AM-768x333.png 768w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.27.01-AM-624x271.png 624w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.27.01-AM.png 1208w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3548\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Another Negro Stampede,&#8221; Maysville Eagle, quoted in Louisville (KY) Daily Journal, October 2, 1852 (ProQuest)<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\">Observers in Kentucky and across the nation were quick to label the mass escape a \u201cstampede.\u201d<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> The headline from nearby Maysville, Kentucky lamented &#8220;Another Negro Stampede.&#8221; Meanwhile, New York <em>Times<\/em> and Richmond\u00a0<em>Enquirer\u00a0<\/em>reported on the &#8220;Great Slave Stampede&#8221; from Kentucky. Writing just days after the escape, Kentucky abolitionist John G. Fee estimated it to be &#8220;o<span class=\"s2\">ne of the largest stampedes, perhaps, ever known in the State, and at the same time successful.&#8221; [2]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong>MAIN NARRATIVE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Enslaved people in the border counties of Bracken and Mason correctly anticipated that the political festivities would provide them with an excellent opportunity to escape. After all, Scott\u2019s visit to Maysville was just the highlight of a crowded lineup of political gatherings. Whigs held a convention nearby at Ripley, Ohio, while Scott continued to draw large crowds as he campaigned across northern Kentucky. The political fervor swept up countless white Kentuckians, including many slaveholders who flocked to hear Scott speak. \u201cTheir absence, no doubt, afforded the slaves a splendid opportunity to plot and mature their plans for escape,\u201d suggested one Ohio editorialist. More than 30 enslaved people did just that on Saturday evening, September 25, leaving from the riverside towns of Augusta and Dover, Kentucky and crossing the Ohio River to Ripley.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> [3]<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3555\" style=\"width: 235px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Parker-House.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3555\" class=\"wp-image-3555 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Parker-House-225x300.jpeg\" alt=\"red brick house, three windows, door\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Parker-House-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Parker-House.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3555\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black abolitionist John Parker assisted freedom seekers from his Ripley, Ohio home, now a museum (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ripleybee.com\/2022\/02\/02\/saving-the-parker-house\/\">Ripley Bee<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\">It was no accident that the large group of freedom seekers headed straight for Ripley, a riverside community known for its extensive Underground Railroad network. Ripley activists such as Presbyterian minister John Rankin, free Black John Parker, and white miller Thomas McCague regularly assisted freedom seekers. Parker, who later boasted that he had assisted over 400 people across multiple decades, often ventured into Kentucky to personally guide enslaved men and women across the Ohio River to Rankin\u2019s home or McCague\u2019s mill. Parker recalled one daring trip when he piloted a group of freedom seekers from the border counties of Kentucky to McCague\u2019s home, where he instructed them to hide in some hay. This particular group of freedom seekers stood out in Parker\u2019s memory, but not positively. The freedom seekers ignored his repeated pleas to lower their voices and in fact \u201cbecame so noisy\u201d that Parker and McCague had to relocate the group to McCague\u2019s attic. The veteran abolitionists were \u201cglad to get rid of them as soon as it was dark.\u201d [4]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The unruly freedom seekers whom Parker described may well been those who left Augusta and Dover as part of the September 1852 &#8220;stampede,&#8221; but his recollection does not provide enough details to say for sure. What is clear is that the freedom seekers from Augusta and Dover reached McCague\u2019s mill<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>by Sunday morning, September 26, very possibly with assistance from Parker.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> [5]<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Once in Ripley, the large group of freedom seekers split over strategy. The majority preferred to stay with McCague and wait until dark the next evening to continue their journey. A smaller contingent of five people insisted on pressing forward immediately. Their decision proved costly. Slaveholders eventually caught up with the smaller group about 35 miles north of Ripley and recaptured three individuals. <span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">[6]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/1852AugustaandDover-KY-Stampede-map.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-3561\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/1852AugustaandDover-KY-Stampede-map.jpg\" alt=\"color map, Kentucky counties colorized, Ohio shore white\" width=\"1434\" height=\"854\" srcset=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/1852AugustaandDover-KY-Stampede-map.jpg 1434w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/1852AugustaandDover-KY-Stampede-map-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/1852AugustaandDover-KY-Stampede-map-1024x610.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/1852AugustaandDover-KY-Stampede-map-768x457.jpg 768w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/1852AugustaandDover-KY-Stampede-map-624x372.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1434px) 100vw, 1434px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Meanwhile, slaveholders had easily traced the larger group of freedom seekers to their hideout in Ripley. Around 2 am on Monday morning, September 27, slaveholders sleuthing around McCague\u2019s mill discovered a bundle of clothing dropped by the freedom seekers. Slaveholders confidently proclaimed that they had \u201cpinned\u201d the runaways. Expecting to recapture the freedom seekers any minute, the Kentuckians requested that their neighbors hurry to Ripley to provide testimony to support their claims in potential legal proceedings. Emboldened by the news, more white Kentuckians streamed into Ripley, \u201carmed to the teeth with double-barrelled shot guns, rifles, pistols, clubs and bowie-knives.\u201d One Kentuckian even crossed the river toting \u201ca carpet sack full of handcuffs.\u201d [7]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Ripley\u2019s free Black community was equally determined to protect the freedom seekers. Black residents armed themselves and laid siege to the hotel where the slave catchers had assembled. With both sides heavily armed, observers worried that the standoff might lead to bloodshe<\/span>d. \u201c<span class=\"s2\">Fears are entertained of a serious disturbance,\u201d a correspondent for the New York <i>Herald<\/i> reported on Monday, September 27 from across the river in Maysville. \u201cThe Kentuckians remain there on the watch, and are determined to recover the slaves.\u201d [8]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3557\" style=\"width: 260px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/John-Hale.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3557\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3557\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/John-Hale.jpeg\" alt=\"Hale headshot, cleanshaven, grey hair\" width=\"250\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3557\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ripley residents taunted slave catchers with cheers for Free Soil party presidential nominee John P. Hale (<a href=\"https:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/10103\">House Divided Project<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\">Ripley\u2019s African American community spearheaded the resistance, though white residents also stonewalled slave catchers\u2019 efforts. Local officials refused to grant slaveholders search warrants to enter McCague\u2019s mill. Although free Black John Parker and several other Ripley abolitionists voluntarily permitted the Kentuckians to search their homes on Monday, September 27, they had no intention of actually assisting the slave catchers. Wherever the freedom seekers were concealed, Ripley abolitionists diverted the slave catchers down what proved to be a series of\u00a0 dead ends. All the while, local residents taunted the Kentuckians after every failed search. \u201cEach failure to make any discovery, was followed with the shout, hurra[h] for Hale,\u201d a barbed reference to the Free Soil party\u2019s presidential candidate, John P. Hale.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> [9]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-1.03.56-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-3563\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-1.03.56-PM.png\" alt=\"timeline, grey background, black text\" width=\"1304\" height=\"594\" srcset=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-1.03.56-PM.png 1304w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-1.03.56-PM-300x137.png 300w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-1.03.56-PM-1024x466.png 1024w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-1.03.56-PM-768x350.png 768w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-1.03.56-PM-624x284.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1304px) 100vw, 1304px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">By Monday night, slaveholders&#8217; earlier optimism had evaporated. Before long, the Kentuckians headed home empty-handed. The Maysville, Kentucky <i>Eagle <\/i>ruefully conceded that because of &#8220;the facilities for flight afforded in Ohio&#8230; the probability is that the residue [of freedom seekers] will make good their escape.\u201d [10]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong>AFTERMATH<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Slaveholders&#8217; anger over the successful stampede put a large target on John Parker&#8217;s back. On Friday night, October 1, several Kentuckians attempted to kidnap the veteran abolitionist. Three Kentuckians, George Jennings, Charles Gibbons, and Burn Coburn, waited in a skiff on the river\u2019s edge while they sent an enslaved man named William Carter to Parker\u2019s front door. \u201cI am a runaway, my wife and children are across the river,\u201d Carter explained, pleading with Parker to cross the river with him and help his family escape. Fortunately for Parker, his wife Miranda \u201cintuitively mistrusted the man.\u201d After listening to Carter\u2019s story, Parker agreed that \u201cthere was something radically wrong with his story and himself.\u201d Parker pulled a pistol and Carter cracked. The enslaved man admitted that \u201che was only a decoy, sent by four men\u201d who \u201cwere lying behind a log on the riverbank\u201d waiting to seize Parker. One of the would-be kidnappers, Jennings, was Carter\u2019s master, and had \u201cthreatened to kill him if he had not come and told the story he did.\u201d<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> [11]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">While Parker narrowly avoided kidnappers, observers throughout the country recognized that the latest successful \u201cslave stampede\u201d had the potential to escalate sectional tensions right on the eve of the presidential election. <span class=\"s2\">\u201cThe escape of the troop of slaves from Kentucky into Ohio, and probably thence to Canada, will be a source of a great irritation in that part of the country,\u201d predicted the Washington correspondent for the New York <i>Times.<\/i> [12]\u00a0<i> <\/i>Kentucky abolitionist minister John G. Fee feared that the state\u2019s nascent antislavery political movement would be blamed for the stampede and was astonished when the Free Soil party\u2019s vice presidential nominee, George W. Julian, was able to campaign unmolested across Mason and Bracken counties only days after the mass escape from those very same counties. \u201cOne of the largest stampedes, perhaps, ever <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.51.35-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-3551 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.51.35-AM-300x134.png\" alt=\"pull quote, bolded One of the largest stampedes, perhaps\" width=\"300\" height=\"134\" srcset=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.51.35-AM-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.51.35-AM-1024x457.png 1024w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.51.35-AM-768x343.png 768w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.51.35-AM-624x279.png 624w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.51.35-AM.png 1156w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>known in the State, and at the same time successful, has just come off,\u201d Fee boasted, \u201cyet no disturbance in our meetings.\u201d Fee thought he had witnessed \u201ca wiping out of Mason and Dixon\u2019s line\u201d and the \u201cpartial destruction of the <i>prejudice between North and South.<\/i>\u201d [13]<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Fee\u2019s hopes for sectional detente proved short-lived, however, because slaveholders in Kentucky and across the South quickly concentrated their ire on Ripley residents who had defied the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act by assisting the freedom seekers.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>\u201c<span class=\"s2\">It is beyond question that fugitive slaves are afforded protection, means and facilities, by people of Ohio, regardless of the obligations and duties devolved on them by the Constitution and Laws of the United States,\u201d complained the Maysville <i>Eagle <\/i>just days after the standoff in Ripley. The <i>Eagle<\/i> issued a <\/span>stern warning to its neighbors across the Ohio River: \u201c<span class=\"s2\">the people of Kentucky cannot, will not, and ought not longer to submit to such outrage upon their property rights.\u201d Ripley residents who jeered slave catchers with shouts for Free Soil party presidential candidate John Hale \u201cmay laugh now,\u201d the <i>Eagle<\/i> ominously predicted, \u201cbut they will not mock when the Kentuckians, wronged, robbed, outraged, and derided as they have been, shall be roused to vengeance.\u201d<\/span> [14] The Louisville <em>Courier\u00a0<\/em>likewise denounced the &#8220;reprehensible&#8221; conduct of Ripley officials and reported that &#8220;great indignation&#8230; pervades the entire community from whence the slaves escaped.&#8221; [15] In fact, the resistance in Ripley incited outrage across the South. As far away as Raleigh, North Carolina, a proslavery editor denounced the resistance in Ripley as a \u201cmonstrous outrage\u201d and hoped that the Kentuckians would \u201ccrush the <i>black armed mob <\/i>who thus dare to outrage the law of the land.\u201d [16]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.57.37-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3552 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.57.37-AM-300x154.png\" alt=\"pull quote, grey background, It seems as if there have been more cases\" width=\"339\" height=\"174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.57.37-AM-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.57.37-AM-1024x526.png 1024w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.57.37-AM-768x394.png 768w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.57.37-AM-624x320.png 624w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-14-at-10.57.37-AM.png 1204w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 339px) 100vw, 339px\" \/><\/a>Although the stampede did not alter the outcome of the presidential contest\u2013\u2013which Democrat Franklin Pierce won handily\u2013\u2013it did contribute to the American public&#8217;s mounting sense that group escapes were becoming more frequent since the Compromise of 1850. <span class=\"s2\">\u201cIt seems as if there have been more cases of such \u2018stampedes,\u2019 (to use a phrase imported from Mexico,) during the last two years, since the Fugitive act has been in existence, than ever before,&#8221; remarked a correspondent for the New York <em>Times.<\/em> The correspondent attributed the growing trend of group escapes to enslaved people&#8217;s realization that a<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> successful escape would require &#8220;parties of some force and numbers&#8221; who &#8220;must go prepared to fight.&#8221; <\/span><span class=\"s2\">[17]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>FURTHER READING<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The two most detailed contemporary accounts of the stampede include a report (apparently from a Kentucky newspaper) reprinted at length in a Raleigh, North Carolina newspaper, and a Ripley resident&#8217;s account of the confrontation written on October 4 and subsequently published in a Cleveland newspaper. [18] The mass escape has received no sustained coverage in scholarly works to date.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ADDITIONAL IMAGES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-3538 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1852-augusta-and-dover-kentucky-stampede\/john-rankin\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/John-Rankin-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Rankin photo, chest and head, suit, white collar, white hair\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-3558\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-3558'>\n\t\t\t\tRipley abolitionist John Rankin (<a href=\"https:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/19360\">House Divided Project<\/a>)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1852-augusta-and-dover-kentucky-stampede\/hd_feejgc\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/files\/2023\/06\/HD_feeJGc-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"engraving fee, bald, hair\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-3559\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-3559'>\n\t\t\t\tAbolitionist John G. Fee (<a href=\"https:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/11987\">House Divided Project<\/a>)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>NOTES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] &#8220;Gen. Scott in Maysville,&#8221; Maysville <em>Eagle<\/em>, September 25, 1852, quoted in Louisville (KY) Daily Courier, September 28, 1852; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-herald-great-slave-stampede-september-29-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Great Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-herald-great-slave-stampede-september-29-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) <em>Herald<\/em>, September 29, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[2] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-journal-another-negro-stampede-october-2-1852\">Maysville <em>Eagle<\/em>, quoted in &#8220;Another Negro Stampede,&#8221; Louisville (KY) <em>Daily Journal<\/em>, October 2, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-herald-great-slave-stampede-september-29-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Great Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-herald-great-slave-stampede-september-29-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) <em>Herald<\/em>, September 29, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/washington-dc-daily-republic-stampede-slaves-september-30-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Stampede of Slaves,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/washington-dc-daily-republic-stampede-slaves-september-30-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Washington (DC) <em>Daily Republic<\/em>, September 30, 1852<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/richmond-va-enquirer-great-slave-stampede-october-1-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Great Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/richmond-va-enquirer-great-slave-stampede-october-1-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Richmond (VA) <em>Enquirer<\/em>, <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/richmond-va-enquirer-great-slave-stampede-october-1-1852\" hreflang=\"en\"> October 1, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/richmond-va-daily-dispatch-stampede-slaves-october-1-1852\" hreflang=\"en\"> &#8220;A Stampede of Slaves,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/richmond-va-daily-dispatch-stampede-slaves-october-1-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Richmond (VA) <em>Daily Dispatch<\/em>,October 1, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-courier-slave-stampede-october-4-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-courier-slave-stampede-october-4-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Louisville (KY) <em>Daily Courier<\/em>, October 4, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-star-great-slave-stampede-october-6-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Great Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-star-great-slave-stampede-october-6-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Raleigh (NC) <em>North Carolina Star<\/em>, October 6, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/kenosha-wi-telegraph-another-stampede-october-8-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Another Stampede,&#8221;<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/kenosha-wi-telegraph-another-stampede-october-8-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Kenosha (WI) <em>Telegraph<\/em>,\u00a0 October 8, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/meigs-county-oh-telegraph-slave-stampede-october-19-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/meigs-county-oh-telegraph-slave-stampede-october-19-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Meigs County (OH) <em>Telegraph<\/em>, October 19, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/natchez-ms-mississippi-free-trader-great-slave-stampede-october-20-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Great Slave Stampede,&#8221;<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/natchez-ms-mississippi-free-trader-great-slave-stampede-october-20-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Natchez (MS) Mississippi Free Trader, October 20, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/rocklin-ca-placer-herald-november-13-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Rocklin (CA) Placer Herald, November 13, 1852<\/a>. For Fee&#8217;s remark, see <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/washington-dc-national-era-cm-clay-and-geo-w-julian-october-14-1852\">&#8220;C.M. Clay and Geo. W. Julian,&#8221; Washington (DC) National Era, October 14, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[3] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;The Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Cleveland (OH) <em>Leader<\/em>, <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">October 14, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[4] John P. Parker, Stuart Seely Sprague (ed.), <em>His Promised Land: The Autobiography of John P. Parker, Former Slave and Conductor on the Underground Railroad<\/em> (New York: W.W. Norton, 1996), 138-139.<\/p>\n<p>[5] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-star-great-slave-stampede-october-6-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Great Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-star-great-slave-stampede-october-6-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Raleigh (NC) <em>North Carolina Star<\/em>, October 6, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;The Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Cleveland (OH) <em>Leader<\/em>, <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">October 14, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[6] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-herald-great-slave-stampede-september-29-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Great Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-herald-great-slave-stampede-september-29-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) <em>Herald<\/em>, September 29, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-journal-another-negro-stampede-october-2-1852\">Maysville <em>Eagle<\/em>, quoted in &#8220;Another Negro Stampede,&#8221; Louisville (KY) <em>Daily Journal<\/em>, October 2, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-star-great-slave-stampede-october-6-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Great Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-star-great-slave-stampede-october-6-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Raleigh (NC) <em>North Carolina Star<\/em>, October 6, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[7] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-star-great-slave-stampede-october-6-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Great Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-star-great-slave-stampede-october-6-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Raleigh (NC) <em>North Carolina Star<\/em>, October 6, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;The Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Cleveland (OH) <em>Leader<\/em>, <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">October 14, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[8] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-herald-great-slave-stampede-september-29-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Great Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-herald-great-slave-stampede-september-29-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) <em>Herald<\/em>, September 29, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[9] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;The Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Cleveland (OH) <em>Leader<\/em>, <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">October 14, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[10] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-journal-another-negro-stampede-october-2-1852\">Maysville <em>Eagle<\/em>, quoted in &#8220;Another Negro Stampede,&#8221; Louisville (KY) <em>Daily Journal<\/em>, October 2, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[11] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;The Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Cleveland (OH) <em>Leader<\/em>, <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">October 14, 1852<\/a>; Parker,\u00a0<em>His Promised Land<\/em>, 146-151. Parker recalled that the attempted kidnapping took place in July, but he was relating the story decades later to a reporter. However, Parker&#8217;s account closely matches the description provided in early October 1852 by a Ripley resident (whose letter appeared in a Cleveland newspaper), so much so that I feel confident both accounts refer to the same attempted kidnapping.<\/p>\n<p>[12] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-times-washington-flight-negroes-october-4-1852\">&#8220;Washington &#8211; Flight of Negroes,&#8221; New York (NY) <em>Times<\/em>, October 4, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[13] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/washington-dc-national-era-cm-clay-and-geo-w-julian-october-14-1852\">&#8220;C.M. Clay and Geo. W. Julian,&#8221; Washington (DC) <em>National Era<\/em>, October 14, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[14] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-journal-another-negro-stampede-october-2-1852\">Maysville <em>Eagle<\/em>, quoted in &#8220;Another Negro Stampede,&#8221; Louisville (KY) <em>Daily Journal,<\/em> October 2, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[15] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-courier-slave-stampede-october-4-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-courier-slave-stampede-october-4-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Louisville (KY) <em>Daily Courier<\/em>, October 4, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[16] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-star-great-slave-stampede-october-6-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Great Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-star-great-slave-stampede-october-6-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Raleigh (NC) <em>North Carolina Star<\/em>, October 6, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[17] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-times-washington-flight-negroes-october-4-1852\">&#8220;Washington &#8211; Flight of Negroes,&#8221; New York (NY) <em>Times<\/em>, October 4, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[18] <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-star-great-slave-stampede-october-6-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Great Slave Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-star-great-slave-stampede-october-6-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Raleigh (NC) <em>North Carolina Star<\/em>, October 6, 1852<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;The Stampede,&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Cleveland (OH) <em>Leader<\/em>, <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-leader-stampede-october-14-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">October 14, 1852<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DATELINE: SEPTEMBER 24, 1852, MAYSVILLE, KY Cannons thundered in salute as Whig presidential candidate Winfield Scott stepped off the dock at Maysville, Kentucky on Friday evening, September 24, 1852. Much like his Democratic rival, Franklin Pierce, Scott aimed to dodge the divisive issue of slavery in hopes of appealing to both Northern and Southern voters. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":102,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21281],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ky-narratives"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/102"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3538"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4183,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3538\/revisions\/4183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}