{"id":72,"date":"2018-09-02T17:28:32","date_gmt":"2018-09-02T17:28:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/?page_id=72"},"modified":"2022-06-24T18:35:03","modified_gmt":"2022-06-24T18:35:03","slug":"timeline","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/timeline\/","title":{"rendered":"Draft Timeline"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">*** Entries from main project area are headlined in red ***<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">July 1841 || Trio of Illinois abolitionists captured enticing groups of slaves<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Hannibal, MO and Quincy, IL<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 Unknown (Abolitionists = James Burr, George Thompson, Alanson Work)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources: Shelley Fisher Fishkin, <em>Lighting Out for the Territory: Reflections on Mark Twain and American Culture<\/em> (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 53-8;\u00a0Terrell Dempsey,\u00a0<em>Searching for Jim: Slavery in Sam Clemens\u2019s World\u00a0<\/em>(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2003).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">October 1841 || 26 freedom suits at once &#8211;A legal mass escape<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 St. Louis Circuit Court<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 26 (and then 27) freedom seekers, including Preston, Braxton (process begins after owner Milton Duty&#8217;s death in 1838, accelerates with successful injunction to stop threat of sale in October 1841 and continues throughout early 1850s with multiple freedom suit petitions)<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Milton Duty (Mississippi slaveholder); executors David and Mary Coons,\u00a0 John F. Darby<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0 Kelly M. Kennington,\u00a0<em>In the Shadow of Dred Scott: St. Louis Freedom Suits and the Legal Culture; <\/em>Lea VanderVelde,\u00a0<em>Redemption Songs;\u00a0<\/em>Dale Edwyna Smith,<em>African American Lives in St. Louis, 1763-1865: Slavery, Freedom and the West<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">August 1842 || Richard Eells helps serial runaway; resulted in Moore v. Illinois<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 Monticello, MO to Quincy, IL<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 1 freedom seeker (part of the Mission Institute series) (Charley)<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Chauncey Durkey<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0 Quincy Whig, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whig.com\/story\/15426145\/once-upon-a-time-in-quincy-eells-house-connects-town-with-underground-railroad#\">&#8220;Once Upon a Time in Quincy,&#8221;<\/a> September 9, 2011; Quincy Whig, Aug. 27, 1842, Quincy Whig, Feb. 8, 1843, Quincy Whig, April 26, 1843, Quincy Whig, May 3, 1843<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">February 1843 || Anti-Negro Stealing Society organized in Jacksonville<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Locations:\u00a0 St. Louis, MO and Louisiana to Jacksonville, IL<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 Incidents involving controversy over sojourning of visiting slaves (Bob and Emily Logan, late 1830s), &#8220;slave girl Lucinda&#8221; (owned by St. Louis visitor and then freed and hired out to attorney Murray McConnel), and finally (1843) young girl held by Mrs. Lisle of Louisiana helped in escape by Julius (father) and Samuel (son) Willard<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Mrs. Lisle of Louisiana \/\/ organizers of Anti-Negro Stealing Society include M. McCormick, W.B. Warren, A. Smith and O.M. Long<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0 &#8220;News-Extra, February 22, 1843 (ALPLM Broadside); Don H. Doyle,\u00a0<em>The Social Order of a Frontier Community: Jacksonville, Illinois, 1825-70, <\/em>pp. 53-7; Samuel Willard, &#8220;My First Adventure with a Fugitive Slave,&#8221; <em>Illinois Historical Journal<\/em>,\u00a0 89 (Winter 1996)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">1844-45 || St. Genevieve County petitions Legislature for relief from escapes<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: St. Genevieve, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0 MO House Journal, 13th Assembly, 1st Session, p. 332<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>May 1845 || Runaways &#8220;battle&#8221; in Maryland during mass escape<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 Smithsburg, MD<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 10 freedom seekers, 8 slave patrollers<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cRunaway Negroes\u2013A Battle with the Whites,\u201d\u00a0<em>Boston Daily Atlas<\/em>, June 2, 1845 cited in\u00a0Stanley Harrold,\u00a0<em>Border War: Fighting Over Slavery before\u00a0the Civil War<\/em>, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010). See <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/stanley-harrold-border-war-2010\/\">post<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>July 1845 || Attempted mass escape in Maryland involving 70-80 black men<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 Southeastern counties counties, via 2 groups thru Bladensburg, Rockville<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 70-80 freedom seekers (led by Bill Wheeler, free black), 330 &#8220;well armed&#8221; slave patrollers<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources: Stanley Harrold,\u00a0<em>Border War: Fighting Over Slavery before\u00a0the Civil War<\/em>, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), 129-31. See <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/stanley-harrold-border-war-2010\/\">post<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>May &#8211; July 1847 ||\u00a0 First mentions of stampedes in antislavery press<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 Maysville, KY<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 5 or 6 freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources (with quotation):\n<ul>\n<li><em>&#8220;<strong>GRAND STAMPEDE<\/strong>.\u00a0 On Friday or Saturday last, says the Times, between twenty and twenty-five negroes, belonging to different plantations in Kenton Co., Ky., across the river, left for parts unknown via the state of Ohio. We learn that the aggregate amount of award offered for their apprehension is over four thousand dollars.\u00a0 &#8211;Cincinnati Atlas&#8221;\u00a0<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/danville-vt-north-star-grand-stampede-may-17-1847\" hreflang=\"en\">Danville (VT) North Star, &#8220;Grand Stampede,&#8221; May 17, 1847<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em>We learn that <strong>a stampede occurred among the negroes<\/strong> at and near Maysville, a few days ago. Five or six of the number belonged to a prominent and influential member of the Northern Methodist Church at Maysville. And we also understand that a distinguished preacher of that denomination was at the gentlemans\u2019s house at the time his negroes left-Covington (Ky.) Register&#8221;<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/boston-ma-liberator-negro-stampede-july-16-1847\" hreflang=\"en\">Boston (MA) Liberator, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; July 16, 1847<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-pearl-escape-1848\/\">April 1848 || Scholar calls <em>Pearl<\/em>\u00a0 &#8220;most influential mass-escape attempt&#8221;<\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 Washington, DC<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 77 freedom seekers stowed aboard steamer Pearl (organized by Daniel Bell and William Chaplin with ship captain Edward Sayres; mostly unarmed house servants with women and children, all recaptured in the escape attempt, include most famously, the Edmonson sisters, Mary and Emily)<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0 &#8220;most influential&#8221; designation from Stanley Harrold,\u00a0<em>Border War: Fighting Over Slavery before\u00a0the Civil War<\/em>, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010),131-33;Andrew Delbanco, <em>The War Before the War: Fugitive Slaves and the Struggle for America\u2019s Soul from the Revolution to the Civil War<\/em> (New York: Penguin Press, 2018), 214-5 (see <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">post<\/span>); referred to as a stampede retrospectively when abolitionists pardoned, <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/macon-ga-weekly-telegraph-reminiscences-august-2-1853\" hreflang=\"en\">Macon (GA) Weekly Telegraph, &#8220;Reminiscences,&#8221; August 2, 1853<\/a><br \/>\n<footer class=\"dxpr-theme-footer clearfix\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n<div class=\"dxpr-theme-fluid footer-container\">\n<div class=\"region region-footer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/footer>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1848-daggs-farm-escape\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">June 1848 || Daggs Farm escape becomes major fugitive Case<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Clark County, MO to Salem, IA<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 9 freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Ruel Daggs<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0 &#8220;An Iowa Fugitive Slave Case &#8211;1850,&#8221; (by George Frazee) [<a href=\"https:\/\/ir.uiowa.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https:\/\/www.google.com\/&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=2904&amp;context=annals-of-iowa\">WEB<\/a>]; Lowell J. Soike, <em>Necessary Courage: Iowa&#8217;s Underground Railroad in the Struggle against Slavery\u00a0<\/em>(2013); O.A. Garretson, Traveling on the Underground Railway [<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160826081248\/http:\/\/www.garretson.us\/Garretson.us\/History_Articles_by_O.A._Garretson.html\">WEB<\/a>];\u00a0James Patrick Morgans,\u00a0<em>The Underground Railroad on the Western Frontier<\/em> (Jefferson, NC: McFarland &amp; Co. 2010), 94-5; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-evening-post-negro-stealing-june-21-1848\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) Evening Post, &#8220;Negro Stealing,&#8221; June 21, 1848<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-herald-june-22-1848\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) Herald, June 22, 1848<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/talladega-al-alabama-reporter-july-20-1848\" hreflang=\"en\">Talladega (AL) Alabama Reporter, July 20, 1848<\/a>\n<div class=\"field field--name-field-event-notes-on-sources field--type-text-long field--label-above\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1849-st-louis-stampede\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">October 1849 || Stampede from St. Louis<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: St. Louis, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 4 freedom seekers (and free Black operative Bill Williams)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Emmanuel Block, Alban Harvey Glasby,\u00a0 John S. McCune, Williamson Pittman<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-republican-stampede-october-29-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Republican, &#8220;A Stampede,&#8221; October 29, 1849<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-courier-stampedes-november-2-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Louisville (KY) Daily Courier, &#8220;Stampedes,&#8221; November 2, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-republican-apprehension-runaway-negroes-conduct-abolitionists-illinois\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Republican, &#8220;Apprehension of Runaway Negroes\u2013\u2013Conduct of Abolitionists in Illinois,&#8221; November 5, 1849<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-republican-bill-williams-november-8-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Republican, &#8220;Bill Williams,&#8221; November 8, 1849<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/poughkeepsie-ny-journal-stampede-november-17-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Poughkeepsie (NY) Journal, &#8220;A Stampede,&#8221; November 17, 1849<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1849-canton-stampede\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>November 1849 || Attempted &#8220;Stampede&#8221; from Missouri makes national headlines<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Canton (Lewis County), MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 35-50 freedom seekers (slave woman Lin, man John, child Henry; note possible connections to Gregory&#8217;s Landing &#8220;whites&#8221; and Sen. Thomas Hart Benton)<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Samuel McKim, James (also sometimes John) Miller, John McCutcheon (McCutchen or also McCutchan), William Willis (also Ellis)<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-daily-missouri-republican-lewis-county-stampede-negroes-november-5-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Daily Missouri Republican, &#8220;The Lewis County Stampede of Negroes,&#8221; November 5, 1849<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-republican-apprehension-runaway-negroes-conduct-abolitionists-illinois\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Republican, &#8220;Apprehension of Runaway Negroes\u2013\u2013Conduct of Abolitionists in Illinois,&#8221; November 5, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-plain-dealer-great-slave-stampede-missouri-november-6-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Cleveland (OH) Plain Dealer, &#8220;Great Slave Stampede in Missouri,&#8221; November 6, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-courier-negro-stampede-november-6-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Louisville (KY) Daily Courier, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; November 6, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/slave-stampede-and-resistance-philadelphia-pa-north-american-and-united-states-gazette\" hreflang=\"en\">&#8220;Slave Stampede and Resistance,&#8221; Philadelphia (PA) North American and United States Gazette, November 7, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/baltimore-md-sun-slave-stampede-and-resistance-their-leader-killed-november-7-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Baltimore (MD) Sun, &#8220;Slave Stampede and Resistance\u2013\u2013Their Leader Killed,&#8221; November 7, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/hannibal-mo-courier-effect-bentons-visit-stampede-among-negroes-november-8-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Hannibal (MO) Courier, &#8220;Effect of Benton&#8217;s Visit &#8211; Stampede Among the Negroes,&#8221; November 8, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/palmyra-mo-weekly-whig-negro-stampede-november-8-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Palmyra (MO) Weekly Whig, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; November 8, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/glasgow-mo-weekly-times-negro-stampede-november-8-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Glasgow (MO) Weekly Times, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; November 8, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-daily-missouri-republican-great-negro-stampede-november-12-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Daily Missouri Republican, &#8220;Great Negro Stampede,&#8221; November 12, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/easton-md-star-slave-stampede-and-resistance-november-13-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Easton (MD) Star, &#8220;Slave Stampede and Resistance,&#8221; November 13, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/natchez-ms-daily-courier-stampede-near-st-louis-november-13-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Natchez, (MS) Daily Courier, &#8220;Stampede near St. Louis,&#8221; November 13, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/plaquemine-la-southern-sentinel-stampede-near-st-louis-november-14-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Plaquemine (LA) Southern Sentinel, &#8220;Stampede near St. Louis,&#8221; November 14, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/philadelphia-pa-north-american-and-united-states-gazette-stampede-november-14-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Philadelphia (PA) North American and United States Gazette, &#8220;Stampede,&#8221; November 14, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/glasgow-mo-weekly-times-negro-stampede-lewis-county-november-15-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Glasgow (MO) Weekly Times, &#8220;Negro Stampede in Lewis County,&#8221; November 15, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/palmyra-mo-weekly-whig-lewis-county-affair-november-15-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Palmyra (MO) Weekly Whig, &#8220;The Lewis County Affair,&#8221; November 15, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/canton-ms-american-citizen-negro-stampede-november-17-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Canton (MS) American Citizen, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; November 17, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/fayetteville-nc-north-carolinian-slave-stampede-november-17-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Fayetteville (NC) North Carolinian, &#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; November 17, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/philadelphia-pa-north-american-and-united-states-gazette-great-slave-stampede-missouri\" hreflang=\"en\">Philadelphia (PA) North American and United States Gazette, &#8220;The Great Slave Stampede in Missouri,&#8221; November 22, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/philadelphia-pa-north-american-and-united-states-gazette-great-slave-stampede-missouri-0\" hreflang=\"en\">Philadelphia (PA) North American and United States Gazette, &#8220;The Great Slave Stampede in Missouri,&#8221; November 29, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/concord-nh-independent-democrat-happy-and-contented-slave-stampede-november-29-1849\" hreflang=\"en\">Concord (NH) Independent Democrat, &#8220;&#8216;Happy and Contented&#8217; &#8211; Slave Stampede,&#8221; November 29, 1849<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/boston-ma-liberator-great-slave-stampede-missouri-january-18-1850\" hreflang=\"en\">Boston (MA) Liberator, &#8220;The Great Slave Stampede in Missouri,&#8221; January 18, 1850<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/washington-dc-national-intelligencer-california-deseret-and-new-mexico-january-19-1850\" hreflang=\"en\">Washington (DC) National Intelligencer, &#8220;California, Deseret, and New Mexico,&#8221; January 19, 1850<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-register-benton-and-foote-january-26-1850\" hreflang=\"en\">Raleigh (NC) Register, &#8220;Benton and Foote,&#8221; January 26, 1850<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-lisbon-oh-anti-slavery-bugle-great-slave-stampede-missouri-february-2-1850\" hreflang=\"en\">New Lisbon (OH) Anti-Slavery Bugle, &#8220;The Great Slave Stampede in Missouri,&#8221; February 2, 1850<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Diane Mutti Burke, <em>On Slavery&#8217;s Border<\/em>, p. 186 (see <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/diane-mutti-burke-on-slaverys-border-2010\/\">post<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">); Terrell Dempsey,\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Searching for Jim: Slavery in Sam Clemens&#8217;s World\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2003), 129; Lorenzo J. Greene, et al.\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Missouri&#8217;s Black Heritage,\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">p. 43 (on slave woman Lin);\u00a0 George R. Lee, &#8220;Slavery and Emancipation in Lewis County, Missouri,&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Missouri Historical Review\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">65, no. 3 (April 1971): 294-317. [<\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.shsmo.org\/cdm\/ref\/collection\/mhr\/id\/36314\">WEB<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">January 1850 ||\u00a0 Jameson Jenkins, Lincoln&#8217;s neighbor,\u00a0 leads a stampede<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 St. Louis area, MO (through Springfield, IL)<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: Up to 14<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/springfield-il-daily-journal-january-22-1850\" hreflang=\"en\">Springfield (IL) Daily Journal, January 22, 1850<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/springfield-il-journal-letter-editors-january-23-1850\" hreflang=\"en\">Springfield (IL) Journal, &#8220;Letter to the Editors,&#8221; January 23, 1850<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>October 1851 || Missouri runaway arrested, then liberated in &#8220;Jerry&#8221; rescue<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 Syracuse, NY<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 1 freedom seeker (William &#8220;Jerry&#8221; McHenry)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0\u00a0Steven Lubet,\u00a0<em>Fugitive\u00a0Justice: Runaways, Rescuers, and Slavery on Trial<\/em>, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010), 86-90, 254, 305-307, 316, (see <a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/steven-lubet-fugitive-justice-2010\/\">post<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">July 1852 || Reports of a &#8220;regular stampede&#8221; from St. Louis<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: St. Louis, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 4 freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners: John Mattingly (slave trader)<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/image\/1852-runaway-ad-william-johnson-john-henry-and-isaac\">St. Louis (MO) Republican, July 22, 1852<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/marshall-tx-texas-republican-july-31-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Marshall (TX) Texas Republican, July 31, 1852<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/st-genevieve-stampede\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">September 1852 || Stampede from Ste. Genevieve<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Ste. Genevieve, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 8<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Lewis V. Bogy, Antoine Janis, William Skewes, Jonathan Smith, Felix Valle, Neree Valle<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-daily-missouri-republican-negro-stampede-large-reward-september-11-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Daily Missouri Republican, &#8220;Negro Stampede &#8211; Large Reward,&#8221; September 11, 1852<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-daily-missouri-republican-sixteen-hundred-dollars-reward-september-11-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Daily Missouri Republican, &#8220;Sixteen Hundred Dollars Reward!!&#8221; September 11, 1852<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/alton-il-weekly-telegraph-slave-stampede-september-17-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Alton (IL) Weekly Telegraph, &#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; September 17, 1852<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-courier-slave-stampede-september-20-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Louisville (KY) Daily Courier, &#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; September 20, 1852<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/alton-il-weekly-telegraph-fugitive-slave-september-24-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Alton (IL) Weekly Telegraph, &#8220;Fugitive Slave,&#8221; September 24, 1852<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/alton-il-weekly-telegraph-arrest-other-ste-genevieve-fugitive-slaves-september-24-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Alton (IL) Weekly Telegraph, &#8220;Arrest of the Other Ste. Genevieve Fugitive Slaves,&#8221; September 24, 1852<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/wheeling-va-daily-intelligencer-slave-stampede-september-30-1852\" hreflang=\"en\">Wheeling (VA) Daily Intelligencer, &#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; September 30, 1852<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>May 1853 || &#8220;Battalion&#8221; of slaves escape in &#8220;stampede&#8221; towards Iowa<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 Ray County, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 15<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0\u00a0&#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; Alton (IL) Evening Telegraph, 23 May 1853; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/boston-ma-liberator-slave-stampedes-june-10-1853\" hreflang=\"en\">Boston (MA) Liberator, &#8220;Slave Stampedes,&#8221; June 10, 1853<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/rochester-ny-frederick-douglass-paper-negro-stampede-june-24-1853\" hreflang=\"en\">Rochester (NY) Frederick Douglass&#8217; Paper, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; June 24, 1853<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u00a0all quoting an initial report from the Alton, IL Telegraph; Richard Blackett, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Captive&#8217;s Quest,\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">139-40, describes a &#8220;battalion&#8221; of 18 escapees because he combines it with the escape of three freedom seekers from Weston, Missouri slaveholder R. Meek that occurred a week later<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>May 1853 || Another escape in wave of recent &#8220;slave stampedes&#8221;<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Weston, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 3<\/li>\n<li>Owners: R. Meek<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"http:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/boston-ma-liberator-slave-stampedes-june-10-1853\" hreflang=\"en\">Boston (MA) Liberator, &#8220;Slave Stampedes,&#8221; June 10, 1853<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"http:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/rochester-ny-frederick-douglass-paper-negro-stampede-june-24-1853\" hreflang=\"en\">Rochester (NY) Frederick Douglass&#8217; Paper, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; June 24, 1853<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1853-palmyra-stampede\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">October 1853 || Palmyra Stampede<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Marion County, MO (Palmyra) to Quincy, IL to Menden (Mendon), IL to Chicago, IL<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 11 (though at least newspaper claimed 13)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Mrs. Hopkins, Albert Gallatin Johnson, Rufus Mathews, John T. Redd, Jeremiah K. Taylor, Caleb Taylor<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0 Richard Blackett, <em>Captive&#8217;s Quest, 139; <\/em>\u00a0James Patrick Morgans,\u00a0<em>The Underground Railroad on the Western Frontier<\/em> (Jefferson, NC: McFarland &amp; Co. 2010), 69; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-democrat-runaway-negroes-november-7-1853\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Democrat, &#8220;Runaway Negroes,&#8221; November 7, 1853<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/chicago-il-tribune-clear-track-train-coming-november-7-1853-0\" hreflang=\"en\">Chicago (IL) Tribune, &#8220;Clear the Track!\u2013\u2013The Train is Coming!,&#8221; November 7, 1853<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/hannibal-mo-courier-negro-stealing-november-10-1853\" hreflang=\"en\">Hannibal (MO) Courier, &#8220;Negro Stealing,&#8221; November 10, 1853<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/boston-ma-herald-stampede-november-15-1853\" hreflang=\"en\">Boston (MA) Herald, \u201cA Stampede,\u201d November 15, 1853<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/milwaukee-wi-daily-free-democrat-grand-stampede-november-21-1853\" hreflang=\"en\">Milwaukee (WI) Daily Free Democrat, &#8220;Grand Stampede,&#8221; November 21, 1853<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/quincy-il-whig-november-21-1853\" hreflang=\"en\">Quincy (IL) Whig, November 21, 1853<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/jireh-platt-diary-december-5-1853\" hreflang=\"en\">Jireh Platt Diary, December 5, [1853]<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/quincy-il-whig-misrepresentation-december-12-1853\" hreflang=\"en\">Quincy (IL) Whig, &#8220;Misrepresentation,&#8221; December 12, 1853<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/hannibal-mo-courier-marion-association-january-12-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Hannibal (MO) Courier, &#8220;Marion Association,&#8221; January 12, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/palmyra-mo-whig-prompt-proceedings-february-23-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Palmyra (MO) Whig, &#8220;Prompt Proceedings,&#8221; February 23, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/quincy-il-whig-over-river-again-august-14-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Quincy (IL) Whig, &#8220;Over The River Again,&#8221; August 14, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/jeremiah-evarts-platt-wilbur-siebert-march-28-1896\" hreflang=\"en\">Jeremiah Evarts Platt to Wilbur Siebert, March 28, 1896<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>March 1854 || Missourian Arrested in Wisconsin; Leads to Landmark Case<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 St. Louis to Milwaukee<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 1 freedom seeker (Joshua Glover)<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0\u00a0Bennami\u00a0Garland; rescue effort of Glover led by abolitionist Sherman Booth who appealed his conviction, eventually resulting in US Supreme Court case Ableman v. Booth (1859)<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0\u00a0Steven Lubet,\u00a0<em>Fugitive\u00a0Justice: Runaways, Rescuers, and Slavery on Trial<\/em>, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010), 305-307, (see <a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/steven-lubet-fugitive-justice-2010\/\">post<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>July 1854 || Escapes from Lewis County spark war of words with Illinois neighbors<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Location: Howard County, MO and Lewis County, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 8 freedom seekers (four from Howard County, four from Lewis County)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/quincy-il-whig-across-river-july-18-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Quincy (IL) Whig, &#8220;Across the River,&#8221; July 18, 1854<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/quincy-il-whig-august-5-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Quincy (IL) Whig, August 5, 1854<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1854-st-louis-stampedes\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">October 1854 || Families, &#8220;some aged and crippled&#8221; stampede together<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 St. Louis, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 15 to 20 freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Pierre Chouteau (3), Emanuel Block (3), Edward J. Gray (6), Mr. Merritt (3 or 4)<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-democrat-stampede-among-africans-october-24-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Democrat, &#8220;Stampede Among the Africans,&#8221; October 24, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-republican-african-exodus-october-24-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Republican &#8220;African Exodus,&#8221; October 24, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/pittsburgh-pa-gazette-stampede-among-africans-october-30-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Pittsburgh (PA) Gazette, &#8220;Stampede Among the Africans,&#8221; October 30, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-democrat-fugitive-slaves-november-1-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Democrat, &#8220;The Fugitive Slaves,&#8221; November 1, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/boston-ma-investigator-stampede-among-africans-november-8-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Boston (MA) Investigator, &#8220;Stampede Among the Africans,&#8221; November 8, 1854<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/akron-oh-summit-county-beacon-stampede-among-africans-november-8-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Akron (OH) Summit County Beacon, &#8220;Stampede Among the Africans,&#8221; November 8, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-national-anti-slavery-standard-stampede-among-africans-november-18-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) National Anti-Slavery Standard, &#8220;Stampede Among the Africans,&#8221; November 18, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/poughkeepsie-ny-journal-stampede-among-africans-november-25-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Poughkeepsie (NY) Journal, &#8220;Stampede Among the Africans,&#8221; November 25, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/chicago-il-weekly-democrat-over-jordan-december-16-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Chicago (IL) Weekly Democrat, &#8220;Over Jordan,&#8221; December 16, 1854<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/chicago-il-weekly-democrat-remedy-proposed-negro-stampedes-december-23-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Chicago (IL) Weekly Democrat, &#8220;A Remedy Proposed for Negro Stampedes,&#8221; December 23, 1854<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1854-st-louis-stampedes\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">November 1854 || Another St. Louis Stampede; $1,000 reward<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: St. Louis, St. Charles, and Ste. Genevieve, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 17<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Richard Berry, Mrs. Smith, Martin Wash<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-democrat-another-slave-stampede-november-30-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Democrat, &#8220;Another Slave Stampede,&#8221; November 30, 1854<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-democrat-news-fugitive-slaves-december-8-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Democrat, &#8220;News from the Fugitive Slaves,&#8221; December 8, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-republican-what-be-done-now-december-10-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Republican, &#8220;What Is To Be Done Now!,&#8221; December 10, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/chicago-il-free-west-slave-hunt-chicago-great-excitement-military-called-out-december-14\" hreflang=\"en\">Chicago (IL) Free West, &#8220;Slave Hunt in Chicago. Great Excitement\u2013\u2013Military Called Out,&#8221; December 14, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/chicago-il-weekly-democrat-over-jordan-december-16-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Chicago (IL) Weekly Democrat, &#8220;Over Jordan,&#8221; December 16, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/milwaukee-wi-weekly-wisconsin-december-20-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Milwaukee (WI) Weekly Wisconsin, December 20, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/chicago-il-weekly-democrat-remedy-proposed-negro-stampedes-december-23-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">Chicago (IL) Weekly Democrat, &#8220;A Remedy Proposed for Negro Stampedes,&#8221; December 23, 1854<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-national-anti-slavery-standard-another-slave-stampede-december-30-1854\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) National Anti-Slavery Standard, &#8220;Another Slave Stampede,&#8221; December 30, 1854<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/meachum-1855\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">May 1855 || Mary Meachum and the St. Louis Stampede<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Location:\u00a0 St. Louis, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 8 to 9 freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 H.H. Cohen, Turner Maddox, Henry Shaw<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-republican-slaves-captured-may-22-1855\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Republican, &#8220;Slaves Captured,&#8221; May 22, 1855<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/milwaukee-wi-free-democrat-stampede-may-26-1855\" hreflang=\"en\">Milwaukee (WI) Free Democrat, &#8220;Stampede,&#8221; May 26, 1855<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-pilot-slaves-captured-may-26-1855\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Pilot, &#8220;Slaves Captured,&#8221; May 26, 1855<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-pilot-negro-stealing-may-26-1855\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Pilot, &#8220;Negro Stealing,&#8221; May 26, 1855<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/richmond-va-dispatch-may-29-1855\" hreflang=\"en\">Richmond (VA) Dispatch, May 29, 1855<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/glasgow-mo-weekly-times-slave-stampede-may-31-1855\" hreflang=\"en\">Glasgow (MO) Weekly Times, &#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; May 31, 1855<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1856-st-louis-stampede\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">July 1856 || Extended family stampede together from St. Louis<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: St. Louis area, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 8 &#8211; 9 freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners: John O&#8217;Fallon and Robert Wash<\/li>\n<li>Sources: Richard Blackett, <em>Captive&#8217;s Quest,\u00a0<\/em>139;\u00a0Lea VanderVelde, <em>Redemption Songs: Suing for Freedom Before Dred Scott<\/em> (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 263n [see <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/redemption-songs-and-mrs-dred-scott-by-lea-vandervelde\/\">post<\/a>]; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-democrat-slave-stampede-july-16-1856\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Democrat, &#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; July 16, 1856<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-republican-slave-stampede-july-16-1856\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Republican, &#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; July 16, 1856<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-democrat-exodus-slaves-july-16-1856\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Democrat, &#8220;Exodus of Slaves,&#8221; July 16, 1856<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-orleans-la-times-picayune-slave-stampede-st-louis-july-23-1856\" hreflang=\"en\">New Orleans (LA) Times-Picayune, &#8220;Slave Stampede at St. Louis,&#8221; July 23, 1856<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-lisbon-oh-anti-slavery-bugle-slave-stampede-august-2-1856\" hreflang=\"en\">New Lisbon (OH) Anti-Slavery Bugle, &#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; August 2, 1856<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/burlington-ia-hawk-eye-slave-stampede-august-6-1856\" hreflang=\"en\">Burlington (IA) Hawk-Eye, &#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; August 6, 1856<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-anti-slavery-standard-slave-stampede-st-louis-august-9-1856\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) Anti-Slavery Standard, &#8220;Slave Stampede at St. Louis,&#8221; August 9, 1856<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1856-hannibal-stampede\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">October 1856 || Two families escape from Hannibal<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Hannibal, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 6 freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners: John S. Bush<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/palmyra-mo-whig-another-stampede-october-23-1856\" hreflang=\"en\">Palmyra (MO) Whig, &#8220;Another Stampede,&#8221; October 23, 1856<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/hannibal-mo-national-democrat-negro-stampede-october-23-1856\" hreflang=\"en\">Hannibal (MO) National Democrat, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; October 23, 1856<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-republican-another-stampede-october-28-1856\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Republican, &#8220;Another Stampede,&#8221; October 28, 1856<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/hannibal-mo-national-democrat-not-yet-caught-october-30-1856\" hreflang=\"en\">Hannibal (MO) National Democrat, &#8220;Not Yet Caught,&#8221; October 30, 1856<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/quincy-il-whig-negro-stampede-november-1-1856\" hreflang=\"en\">Quincy (IL) Whig, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; November 1, 1856<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Late 1858 || Missouri Runaway Helps More Escape through Galesburg<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Locations:\u00a0 Missouri to Galesburg, IL to Canada<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 9 (colored man who returned, attempted to bring nine out but only 5 or 6 made it to Galesburg<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0 Originally Chapman&#8217;s\u00a0<em>History of Knox County<\/em> cited in Owen Muelder, The Underground Railroad in Western Illinois (Jefferson, NC: McFarland &amp; Co., 2008), 110-1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>December 1858 ||\u00a0 John Brown raids Missouri and frees a dozen in stampede<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Vernon County, MO (then Iowa to Detroit)<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 11 freedom seekers (12 after the birth of John Brown Daniels)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Harvey G. Hicklan (also Hicklin)<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0 David S. Reynolds, John Brown, Abolitionist (2005), pp. 278-79;\u00a0Kristen Epps,\u00a0<em>Slavery on the Periphery: The Kansas-Missouri Border in the Antebellum and Civil War Eras<\/em>, (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2016),129-32 [see <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/kristen-epps\/\">post<\/a><\/span>];\u00a0Fergus M. Bordewich.\u00a0<em>Bound for Canaan: The Underground Railroad and the War for the Soul of America<\/em>\u00a0(New York: HaperCollins Publishers Inc, 2005), 419-20 [see <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/bordewichs-bound-for-canaan-and-mass-escapes\/\">post<\/a><\/span>]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/doy-escape\/\">January 1859 || Dr. John Doy tries to copy Brown&#8217; stampede<\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: [helping MO runaways in\u00a0 Kansas] (captured and then jailed in Platte City, tried &amp; convicted in St. Joseph, MO but then rescued from custody in July)<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 11 freedom seekers (two free Black operatives, Wilson Hays and Charles Smith)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources: New York Times, <a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/23464\">&#8220;Dr. Doy of Kansas,&#8221;<\/a> March 18, 1859;<\/li>\n<li>Epps,\u00a0<em>Slavery on the Periphery: The Kansas-Missouri Border in the Antebellum and Civil War Eras<\/em>, (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2016), 125, 129-132 [see <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/kristen-epps\/\">post<\/a><\/span>]; David S. Reynolds, John Brown, Abolitionist (2005), p. 280 (but note that Reynolds misreads the family name as Joy); <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/mary-brown-william-brown-january-30-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Mary Brown to William Brown, January 30, 1859<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/burlington-ia-weekly-hawk-eye-and-telegraph-negro-stealing-border-february-8-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Burlington (IA) Weekly Hawk-Eye and Telegraph, &#8220;Negro Stealing on the Border,&#8221; February 8, 1859<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/ephraim-nute-unidentified-february-14-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Ephraim Nute to unidentified, February 14, 1859<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/boston-ma-liberator-thirteen-negroes-captured-kansas-february-18-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Boston (MA) Liberator, &#8220;Thirteen Negroes Captured in Kansas,&#8221; February 18, 1859<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/chambersburg-pa-franklin-repository-february-23-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Chambersburg (PA) Franklin Repository, February 23, 1859<\/a>; <span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/ephraim-nute-unidentified-february-24-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Ephraim Nute to unidentified, February 24, 1859<\/a>; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/ephraim-nute-franklin-b-sanborn-march-22-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Ephraim Nute to Franklin B. Sanborn, March 22, 1859<\/a>\n<div class=\"field field--name-field-event-notes-on-sources field--type-text-long field--label-above\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>October 1859 || Stampede captured heading toward Chicago<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Maline Township (Saline County), MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: Unknown (Bob)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Richard E. Snelling<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0&#8220;Returned to Servitude,&#8221; Marshall Democrat (Saline County, MO), 15 August 1860<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>October 1859 || Over two dozen freedom seekers stampede toward Detroit<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: western Missouri (traveling through Nebraska, Iowa, Chicago, and Detroit)<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 26 freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources: &#8220;A Large Underground Arrival,&#8221; Douglass&#8217; Monthly, November 1859; &#8220;Signs Not to be Mistaken,&#8221; St. Louis Democrat, 9 November 1859; &#8220;Arrival of Twenty-Six Fugitive Slaves at Detroit,&#8221; Delaware Gazette (Delaware, OH) 11 November 1859; &#8220;Twenty-Six Missouri Negroes Arrived in Canada,&#8221; Glasgow Weekly Times (Glasgow, MO), 17 November 1859; &#8220;A Large Underground Arrival, Cadiz Sentinel, 23 November 1859. Original article appeared in Detroit Advertiser.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1859-lagrange-stampede\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">November 1859 || Successive &#8220;Stampedes&#8221; from LaGrange<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: LaGrange (Lewis County), MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 10 freedom seekers (followed by one additional escape)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Seven Unknown, David S. Lillard<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/quincy-il-herald-november-14-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Quincy (IL) Herald, November 14, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/hannibal-mo-messenger-november-15-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Hannibal (MO) Messenger, November 15, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/chicago-il-press-and-tribune-negro-stampede-november-17-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; November 17, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/glasgow-mo-weekly-times-negro-stampede-november-17-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Glasgow (MO) Weekly Times, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; November 17, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-daily-leader-stampede-negroes-missouri-november-18-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Cleveland (OH) Daily Leader, &#8220;Stampede of Negroes in Missouri,&#8221; November 18, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-daily-herald-negro-stampede-november-19-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Cleveland (OH) Daily Herald, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; November 19, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-orleans-la-sunday-delta-stampede-negroes-lewis-county-mo-november-20-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">New Orleans (LA) Sunday Delta, &#8220;Stampede of Negroes from Lewis County, Mo.,&#8221; November 20, 1859<\/a>; <span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/newburyport-ma-morning-herald-stampede-negroes-lewis-county-november-22-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Newburyport (MA) Morning Herald, &#8220;Stampede of Negroes from Lewis County,&#8221; November 22, 1859<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/warren-oh-western-reserve-chronicle-stampede-negroes-lewis-county-november-23-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Warren (OH) Western Reserve Chronicle, &#8220;Stampede of Negroes from Lewis County,&#8221; November 23, 1859<\/a>; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/jackson-ms-semi-weekly-jacksonian-stampede-negroes-lewis-county-missouri-november-23-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Jackson (MS) Semi-Weekly Jacksonian, &#8220;Stampede of Negroes from Lewis County, Missouri,&#8221; November 23, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/lowell-ma-daily-citizen-and-news-stampede-negroes-lewis-county-november-23-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Lowell (MA) Daily Citizen and News, &#8220;Stampede of Negroes from Lewis County,&#8221; November 23, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-bern-nc-daily-progress-large-negro-stampede-november-28-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">New Bern (NC) Daily Progress, &#8220;A Large Negro Stampede,&#8221; November 28, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/franklin-ky-tri-weekly-kentucky-yeoman-stampede-negroes-november-29-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Franklin (KY) Tri-Weekly Kentucky Yeoman, &#8220;Stampede of Negroes,&#8221; November 29, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-times-november-30-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) Times, November 30, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/plymouth-weekly-republican-stampede-negroes-missouri-december-1-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Plymouth (IN) Weekly Republican, &#8220;Stampede of Negroes in Missouri,&#8221; December 1, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/groton-ma-railroad-mercury-stampede-negroes-lewis-county-december-1-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Groton (MA) Railroad Mercury, &#8220;Stampede of Negroes from Lewis County,&#8221; December 1, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/hannibal-mo-messenger-december-6-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Hannibal (MO) Messenger, December 6, 1859<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/toledo-ia-transcript-december-8-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Toledo (IA) Transcript, December 8, 1859<\/a>; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/raleigh-nc-north-carolina-standard-negro-stampede-december-21-1859\" hreflang=\"en\">Raleigh (NC) North Carolina Standard, &#8220;Negro Stampede,&#8221; December 21, 1859<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">August 1860 || Mother organizes family stampede<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: St. Louis area, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 5 freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Edward Bredell<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-democrat-five-slaves-ran-away-august-27-1860\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Democrat, &#8220;Five Slaves Ran Away,&#8221; August 27, 1860<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-journal-another-slave-stampede-august-28-1860\" hreflang=\"en\">Louisville (KY) Daily Journal, &#8220;Another Slave Stampede,&#8221; August 28, 1860<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1861-harris-family-case\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">April 1861 || Arrest of Harris family in Chicago sets off free black stampede<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 St. Louis to Chicago<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 5 freedom seekers (Onesimus Harris, wife and three children)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: William Patterson (estate), Assenath Piggott Patterson, Jacob Veale<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/chicago-il-tribune-onesimus-and-his-family-sent-back-april-4-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Chicago (IL) Tribune, &#8220;Onesimus and his Family Sent Back,&#8221; April 4, 1861<\/a>; <span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/milwaukee-wi-sentinel-fugitive-slave-case-chicago-april-5-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, &#8220;The Fugitive Slave Case in Chicago,&#8221; April 5, 1861<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-commercial-advertiser-chicago-slave-case-april-6-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) Commercial Advertiser, &#8220;The Chicago Slave Case,&#8221; April 6, 1861<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-republican-african-excitement-april-9-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Republican, &#8220;The African Excitement,&#8221; April 9, 1861<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/janesville-wi-daily-gazette-reign-terror-among-colored-people-chicago-april-10-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Janesville (WI) Daily Gazette, &#8220;Reign of Terror Among the Colored People of Chicago,&#8221; April 10, 1861<\/a>; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/louisville-ky-daily-journal-rendition-fugitive-slaves-chicago-april-10-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Louisville (KY) Daily Journal, &#8220;Rendition of Fugitive Slaves from Chicago,&#8221; April 10, 1861<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/alexandria-va-gazette-enforcement-fugitive-slave-act-april-11-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Alexandria (VA) Gazette, &#8220;Enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act,&#8221; April 11, 1861<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/millersburg-oh-holmes-county-republican-latest-news-april-11-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Millersburg (OH) Holmes County Republican, &#8220;Latest News,&#8221; April 11, 1861<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/philadelphia-pa-inquirer-which-section-observes-law-april-12-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Philadelphia (PA) Inquirer, &#8220;Which Section Observes Law?,&#8221; April 12, 1861<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/washington-dc-daily-national-intelligencer-recent-incidences-rendition-april-12-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Washington (DC) Daily National Intelligencer, &#8220;Recent incidences of Rendition,&#8221; April 12, 1861<\/a>; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/fayetteville-nc-observergreat-stampede-fugitive-slaves-canada-april-15-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Fayetteville (NC) Observer,&#8221;Great Stampede of Fugitive Slaves for Canada,&#8221; April 15, 1861<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/boston-ma-liberator-colored-exodus-april-26-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Boston (MA) Liberator, &#8220;The Colored Exodus!,&#8221; April 26, 1861<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/boston-ma-daily-atlas-flight-fugitives-illinois-may-3-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Boston (MA) Daily Atlas, &#8220;Flight of Fugitives from Illinois,&#8221; May 3, 1861<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/boston-ma-liberator-flight-fugitives-illinois-may-3-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Boston (MA) Liberator, &#8220;Flight of Fugitives from Illinois,&#8221; May 3, 1861<\/a>; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/evansville-daily-journal-test-unionism-june-20-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">Evansville (IN) Daily Journal, &#8220;The Test of Unionism,&#8221; June 20, 1861<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Summer 1861 || Northern magazines celebrate stampedes at Fort Monroe<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 Fort Monroe, Hampton, VA<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 Hundreds of freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Originally Col. Mallory<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/image\/stampede-among-negroes-virginia-1861\">&#8220;Stampede Among the Negroes of Virginia,&#8221; (illustration),<em>Frank Leslie\u2019s Illustrated Newspaper<\/em>, June 8, 1861<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/image\/stampede-slaves-hampton-fortress-monroe-1861\">&#8220;Stampede of Slaves from Hampton to Fortress Monroe,&#8221; (illustration), <em>Harpers Weekly<\/em>, August 17, 1861<\/a> (see <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/andrew-delbancos-the-war-before-the-war\/\">post<\/a><\/span>);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1861-springfield-stampede\/\">November 1861\u00a0 ||\u00a0 Springfield Stampede<\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Springfield, MO and across southwestern Missouri<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: hundreds of freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Daniel Dorsey Berry, Olivia Berry, and many others<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-tribune-important-missouri-november-18-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) Tribune, &#8220;Important From Missouri,&#8221; November 18, 1861<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-world-army-west-gen-hunters-command-november-19-1861\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) World, &#8220;Army of the West&#8211;From Gen. Hunter&#8217;s Command,&#8221; November 19, 1861<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/junction-city-ks-smoky-hill-and-republican-union-jim-lanes-speech-springfield-missouri\" hreflang=\"en\">Junction City (KS) Smoky Hill and Republican Union, &#8220;Jim Lane&#8217;s Speech at Springfield, Missouri,&#8221; November 28, 1861<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>February 1862 || St. Joseph Stampede<\/h3>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-body\">\n<div class=\"field-content\">\n<ul>\n<li>Locations:\u00a0 St. Joseph, MO \/\/ Leavenworth, KS<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 7 freedom seekers (Dan, Sina, Fanny, Jason, Charles, Peter and Shelby)<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Lard, Howard, Pullin, Elder and Stamper<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-joseph-mo-morning-herald-contrabands-fleeing-february-15-1862\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Joseph (MO) Morning Herald, &#8220;The Contrabands Fleeing,&#8221; February 15, 1862<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-joseph-mo-morning-herald-kansas-and-contrabands-february-18-1862\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Joseph (MO) Morning Herald, &#8220;Kansas and the Contrabands,&#8221; February 18, 1862<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1862-loutre-island-stampede\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">November 1862 || Stampede from Loutre Island<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Loutre Island (Montgomery County), MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers:\u00a0 Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Owners:\u00a0 Isaac Talbot, Elizabeth Clark, Martin<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/fa-nitchy-curtis-november-19-1862\" hreflang=\"en\">F.A. Nitchy to Curtis, November 19, 1862<\/a>; <span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cc-manwaring-maj-gen-samuel-r-curtis-november-26-1862\" hreflang=\"en\">C.C. Manwaring to Maj. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis, November 26, 1862<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-democrat-slave-catching-hermann-november-29-1862\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Democrat, &#8220;Slave Catching at Hermann,&#8221; November 29, 1862<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-westliche-post-freedom-triumphs-december-3-1862\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Westliche Post, &#8220;Freedom triumphs!,&#8221; December 3, 1862<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-tribune-reported-capture-supply-train-december-5-1862\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) Tribune, &#8220;Reported Capture of a Supply Train,&#8221; December 5, 1862<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-york-ny-national-anti-slavery-standard-slave-catching-under-difficulties-december-13\" hreflang=\"en\">New York (NY) National Anti-Slavery Standard, &#8220;Slave-Catching Under Difficulties,&#8221; December 13, 1862<\/a>; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/rochester-ny-douglasss-monthly-january-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Rochester (NY) Douglass&#8217;s Monthly, January 1863<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">November 1862 || Mounting stampedes from Ste. Genevieve<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Ste. Genevieve, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Unknown<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/bangor-me-bangor-daily-whig-and-courier-slavery-missouri-october-23-1862\" hreflang=\"en\">Bangor (ME) Bangor Daily Whig and Courier, &#8220;Slavery in Missouri,&#8221; October 23, 1862<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/new-orleans-la-daily-delta-slavery-missouri-november-13-1862\" hreflang=\"en\">New Orleans (LA) Daily Delta, &#8220;Slavery in Missouri,&#8221; November 13, 1862<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/rochester-ny-douglasss-monthly-slavery-missouri-november-1862\" hreflang=\"en\">Rochester (NY) Douglass&#8217;s Monthly, &#8220;Slavery in Missouri,&#8221; November 1862<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/weaverville-ca-weekly-trinity-journal-slavery-missouri-january-3-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Weaverville (CA) Weekly Trinity Journal, &#8220;Slavery in Missouri,&#8221; January 3, 1863<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/the-1863-hannibal-stampede\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">March 1863 || Stampede from Hannibal<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Hannibal, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 20-25 freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Sarah Carter, Gilchrist Porter, Brison Stillwell, Robert F. Lakenan<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/quincy-il-herald-arming-negroes-whither-are-we-tending-march-24-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Quincy (IL) Herald, &#8220;Arming the Negroes\u2014\u2018whither are we Tending?&#8217;\u201d March 24, 1863<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/quincy-il-whig-arming-negroes-whither-are-we-tending-march-28-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Quincy (IL) Whig, &#8220;Arming the Negroes\u2014\u2018Whither Are We Tending?&#8217;\u201d March 28, 1863<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/chicago-il-tribune-slave-stampede-march-31-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Chicago (IL) Tribune, &#8220;Slave Stampede,&#8221; March 31, 1863<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-republican-whigs-niggers-march-31-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Republican, &#8220;The Whig&#8217;s Niggers,&#8221; March 31, 1863<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-joseph-mo-herald-slave-stampede-hannibal-april-2-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Joseph (MO) Herald, &#8220;Slave Stampede from Hannibal,&#8221; April 2, 1863<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/vincennes-gazette-slave-stampede-hannibal-april-4-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Vincennes (IN) Gazette, &#8220;Slave Stampede from Hannibal,&#8221; April 4, 1863<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/lancaster-pa-inquirer-slave-stampede-hannibal-april-6-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Lancaster (PA) Inquirer, &#8220;Slave Stampede from Hannibal,&#8221; April 6, 1863<\/a>; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/atchison-ks-freedoms-champion-slave-stampede-hannibal-april-11-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Atchison (KS) Freedom&#8217;s Champion, &#8220;Slave Stampede from Hannibal,&#8221; April 11, 1863<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>April 1863 || Another St. Louis Stampede<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: St. Louis County (MO)<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 3 freedom seekers<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Olly Williams<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-democrat-stampede-slaves-april-16-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Democrat, &#8220;Stampede of Slaves,&#8221; April 16, 1863<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-republican-runaway-negroes-april-16-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Republican &#8220;Runaway Negroes,&#8221; April 16, 1863<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>April 1863 || Lafayette County Stampede<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Lafayette County (MO)<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: up to 375 freedom seekers (50 at one time from Lexington; 300 over few weeks; 75 more in mid-May)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Packard of City Hotel (9), H. Wallace (9), Gen. Vaughan (3); J.R. Graves (2); Joseph Moreland (2)<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/baltimore-md-sun-slave-stampede-missouri-may-2-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Baltimore (MD) Sun, &#8220;Slave Stampede in Missouri,&#8221; May 2, 1863<\/a>; <span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/washington-dc-daily-national-intelligencer-slave-stampede-missouri-may-2-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Washington (DC) Daily National Intelligencer, &#8220;Slave Stampede in Missouri,&#8221; May 2, 1863<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/cleveland-oh-daily-herald-slave-stampede-missouri-may-7-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Cleveland (OH) Daily Herald, &#8220;Slave Stampede From Missouri,&#8221; May 7, 1863<\/a>; <\/span><span class=\"field-content\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/atchison-ks-champion-and-press-may-16-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Atchison (KS) Champion and Press, May 16, 1863<\/a>; <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/bel-air-md-national-american-slave-stampede-missouri-may-22-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Bel Air (MD) National American, &#8220;Slave Stampede in Missouri,&#8221; May 22, 1863<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>August 1863 || &#8220;Perfect Stampede&#8221; from Platte County<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Platte County, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: hundreds of freedom seekers (&#8220;thirty or forty a day&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: multiple<\/li>\n<li>Sources: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-daily-missouri-democrat-negro-exodus-august-21-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Daily Missouri Democrat, &#8220;The Negro Exodus,&#8221; August 21, 1863<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/worcester-ma-spy-slavery-passing-away-missouri-and-kentucky-september-9-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Worcester (MA) Spy, &#8220;Slavery Passing Away in Missouri and Kentucky,&#8221; September 9, 1863<\/a>; <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/san-francisco-ca-daily-evening-bulletin-letter-st-louis-negro-exodus-missouri-september-16\" hreflang=\"en\">San Francisco (CA) Daily Evening Bulletin, &#8220;Letter From St. Louis &#8211; The Negro Exodus from Missouri,&#8221; September 16, 1863<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>November 1863 || Black Missourians &#8220;Stampeding&#8221; to Recruitment Offices<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: Lafayette County, MO and Ray County, MO<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 30+ freedom seekers (3 from Lafayette County, around 30 from Ray County)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Col. Chiles, Col. Shea, and others<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0<a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/canton-mo-weekly-press-negro-stampeding-december-3-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">Canton (MO) Weekly Press, &#8220;Negro Stampeding,&#8221; December 3, 1863<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/stampedes.dickinson.edu\/document\/st-louis-mo-daily-missouri-democrat-missouri-items-december-22-1863\" hreflang=\"en\">St. Louis (MO) Daily Missouri Democrat, &#8220;Missouri Items,&#8221; December 22, 1863<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">December 1863 || Family of Archer Alexander (face of DC statue) freed<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Locations: St. Charles to St. Louis<\/li>\n<li>Numbers: 4 freedom seekers (Archer and Louisa Alexander with children Ellen and James)<\/li>\n<li>Owners: James Naylor<\/li>\n<li>Sources:\u00a0 Miranda Rechtenwald, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lindenwood.edu\/files\/resources\/the-confluence-fall-winter-2014-rechtenwald.pdf\">&#8220;The Life of Archer Alexander: A Story of Freedom,&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0<em>The Confluence\u00a0<\/em>(Fall\/Winter 2014);\u00a0Dale Edwyna Smith,\u00a0<i>African American Lives in St. Louis, 1763-1865\u00a0<\/i>(Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2017), 165 (see <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/african-american-lives-in-st-louis\/\">post<\/a><\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>*** Entries from main project area are headlined in red *** July 1841 || Trio of Illinois abolitionists captured enticing groups of slaves Locations: Hannibal, MO and Quincy, IL Numbers:\u00a0 Unknown (Abolitionists = James Burr, George Thompson, Alanson Work) Owners: Unknown Sources: Shelley Fisher Fishkin, Lighting Out for the Territory: Reflections on Mark Twain and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-72","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/72","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72"}],"version-history":[{"count":94,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/72\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3311,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/72\/revisions\/3311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}