{"id":16,"date":"2018-06-04T15:19:50","date_gmt":"2018-06-04T15:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/?page_id=16"},"modified":"2025-06-24T14:29:34","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T14:29:34","slug":"study-guide","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/study-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Studying Slavery"},"content":{"rendered":"<div align=\"left\">This page contains various research links, as well as some embedded multi-media tools, all designed to help introduce teachers and students to the subject of American slavery and its legacy.\u00a0 Over the years, we have created many of these resources here at Dickinson College.\u00a0 Yet if you have additional or new sources to recommend, please feel free to contact us at <strong>hdvided@dickinson.edu<\/strong>.<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spacer\" style=\"height:20px\"><\/div>\n<h4 align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Dickinson course sites<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<div align=\"left\">Two recent undergraduate courses at Dickinson concerning slavery or its legacy have maintained open online sites. For other slavery-related course offerings and programs at Dickinson, see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dickinson.edu\/homepage\/31\/africana_studies\">Africana Studies<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dickinson.edu\/homepage\/32\/american_studies\">American Studies<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/clarke.dickinson.edu\/\">Clarke Forum<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dickinson.edu\/homepage\/126\/english\">English<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dickinson.edu\/homepage\/100\/history\">History<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dickinson.edu\/homepage\/132\/political_science\">Political Science<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dickinson.edu\/info\/20227\/popel_shaw_center_for_race_and_ethnicity\">Popel Shaw Center<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dickinson.edu\/homepage\/106\/sociology\">Sociology<\/a>, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dickinson.edu\/homepage\/46\/women_s_and_gender_studies\">Women&#8217;s and Gender Studies<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dickinson.edu\/homepage\/106\/sociology\">.<\/a><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>History 311, <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-311pinsker\/\">American Slavery<\/a>, Prof. Pinsker<\/li>\n<li>Africana Studies, <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/socialjustice\/\">Social Justice in the African American Imagination<\/a>, Prof. Johnson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JkHK8qDrTTM\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Colleges &amp; Universities Studying Slavery<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>There are simply far too many web resources on the subject of slavery and academia to include here in their entirety, but this section highlights a range of introductory articles or projects that can help demonstrate some emerging trends and best practices.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jennifer Schuessler, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/03\/05\/arts\/confronting-academias-ties-to-slavery.html\">&#8220;Confronting Academia&#8217;s Ties to Slavery,&#8221;<\/a> <em>New York Times<\/em>, March 5, 2017<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/slavery.virginia.edu\/universities-studying-slavery\/\">Universities Studying Slavery<\/a>\u00a0consortium (includes more than three dozen higher ed institutions in US and UK)<\/li>\n<li>Brown University: <a href=\"http:\/\/brown.edu\/Research\/Slavery_Justice\/\">Steering Committee on Slavery &amp; Justice<\/a> (2007)<\/li>\n<li>Columbia University:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/columbiaandslavery.columbia.edu\/\">Columbia &amp; Slavery<\/a> (2017)<\/li>\n<li>Georgetown University:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/slaveryarchive.georgetown.edu\/\">Slavery Archive<\/a> (2017)<\/li>\n<li>Harvard University:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.harvardandslavery.com\/\">Harvard and Slavery<\/a> (2011)<\/li>\n<li>Princeton University: <a href=\"https:\/\/slavery.princeton.edu\/\">Princeton &amp; Slavery<\/a> (2018)<\/li>\n<li>University of Alabama:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/hgreen.people.ua.edu\/hallowed-grounds-project.html\">Hilary Green&#8217;s Hallowed Ground site<\/a> (2018)<\/li>\n<li>University of Virginia:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/slavery.virginia.edu\/sample-page-2\/pcsu-report-final_july-2018\/\">President&#8217;s Commission Report <\/a>(2018)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Xs7hfwDzwYM\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-spacer\" style=\"height:60px\"><\/div>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>General Reading<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Again, the literature on slavery is vast, far too vast to summarize here in any kind of effective fashion.\u00a0 However, this section features some of the best recent scholarship, including several readable books for the modern classroom that have also been enhanced with multi-media teaching tools (such as custom-made Google maps) from the House Divided Project.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>David Brion Davis,\u00a0<em>Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World\u00a0<\/em>(2006) with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/u\/0\/viewer?mid=1gMX1BhK4_p7dtTJcqIf_lbtftpo&amp;ll=19.59599920384388%2C-36.606445500000035&amp;z=3\">map<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Eric Foner,\u00a0<em>Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad\u00a0<\/em>(2015)<\/li>\n<li>Peter Kolchin, <em>American Slavery, 1619-1877<\/em>\u00a0(2003 ed.)<\/li>\n<li>Louis P. Masur, <em>The Civil War: A Concise History<\/em> (2011) with <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-288pinsker\/map-and-timeline\/\">map<\/a><\/li>\n<li>James Oakes,\u00a0<em>Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861-1865\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>(2012) with <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/emancipation\/2012\/12\/20\/insights-from-james-oakess-book-freedom-national-2012\/\">teacher&#8217;s guide<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Manisha Sinha, <em>The Slaves&#8217; Cause: A History of Abolition<\/em>\u00a0(2016)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div align=\"left\"><\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1gMX1BhK4_p7dtTJcqIf_lbtftpo\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4 align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Research Tutorials<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<div align=\"left\"><\/div>\n<div align=\"left\">For the last several years, history students in Prof. Pinsker&#8217;s classes have been maintaining online research journals to help document their progress (and occasional struggles) in various archives.\u00a0 Students in Prof. Johnson&#8217;s Africana Studies class have also documented some of their efforts in local history and civic engagement with narrative blog posts. Here are some recent examples of student research journals on slavery and slavery-related topics that might help show others working in this subject how to research in practical terms.<\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"><\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Tom Forte, <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-204pinsker\/2017\/10\/24\/3815\/\">Fifteenth Amendment reception in Carlisle<\/a>, Fall 2017<\/li>\n<li>Sarah Goldberg, <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-prohibition\/\">Temperance Reform in Black Atlanta<\/a>, 2017-18<\/li>\n<li>Colin Macfarlane, <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-304pinsker\/author\/colin\/\">Henry W. Spradley documentary<\/a>, Spring 2011<\/li>\n<li>Leah Miller, <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-204pinsker\/2012\/02\/28\/dead-ends-and-red-herrings\/\">A New Lincoln Letter<\/a>, Spring 2012<\/li>\n<li>Becca Stout, <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-311pinsker\/author\/stoutr\/\">Dickinson&#8217;s janitors<\/a>, Spring 2018<\/li>\n<li>Naji Thompson, <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/socialjustice\/2016\/04\/27\/memorial-cemetery-project\/\">Lincoln Cemetery<\/a>, Spring 2017<\/li>\n<li>Cooper Wingert, <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-311pinsker\/author\/wingertc\/\">Dickinson&#8217;s founders and slavery<\/a>, Spring 2018<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/g_Zn9ahj1u8?rel=0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Slavery in Pennsylvania:\u00a0 Overview<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Dutch and Swedish settlers began importing African slaves to the region which eventually became Pennsylvania by the middle of the seventeenth century, even before William Penn and the Quakers established their proprietary colony for the British crown during the 1680s.\u00a0 Although the Society of Friends (Quakers) later renounced slavery as immoral, there were a number of prominent Quaker slaveholders in Pennsylvania\u00a0 throughout the eighteenth century.\u00a0 After independence (and following the separation from Delaware, a reasonably significant slaveholding area in the North), the new state of Pennsylvania adopted a gradual abolition act in 1780 (and amended in 1788) establishing a slow process that eventually led to the effective eradication of enslavement by the early nineteenth century.\u00a0 There were about six thousand enslaved people in Pennsylvania in 1780.\u00a0 Ten years later, the first U.S. census reported fewer than four thousand slaves remaining in the commonwealth.\u00a0 That number dipped into the hundreds during the early years of the nineteenth century before eventually disappearing from official records altogether.\u00a0 Record-keeping was uneven, however, and the realities of defining servitude could be complicated.\u00a0 \u00a0Scholars thus disagree over how to determine the exact figures of enslavement and the final termination date of slavery in the state.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>EXHIBIT: <a href=\"https:\/\/artsandculture.google.com\/exhibit\/vQJCHcCeyj8AIw\">Gradual Abolition in Pennsylvania<\/a> (LancasterHistory.org)<\/li>\n<li>Jean Soderlund and Gary Nash,\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=z__7gPxt6rEC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=jean%20soderlund%20and%20gary%20nash%20pennsylvania&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Freedom by Degrees<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>(1991) [Google Books]<\/li>\n<li>Edward R. Turner,\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qYtRDwAAQBAJ&amp;lpg=PA53&amp;dq=slavery%20in%20pennsylvania&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Slavery in Pennsylvania<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>(1911) [Google Books]<\/li>\n<li>Cooper H. Wingert, <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Di8qDAAAQBAJ&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=slavery%20in%20pennsylvania&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Slavery &amp; the Underground Railroad in South Central Pennsylvania<\/a> (2016) [Google Books]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/U_7VchtQzWM\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Slavery in Pennsylvania: Major Laws &amp; Cases<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=VV_Rm1SR4B4C&amp;lpg=PA441&amp;ots=ZzZ2kWWfd9&amp;dq=johnson%20v.%20tompkins%20(1833)&amp;pg=PA67#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Hurd digest of state slavery laws<\/a> &#8212;<em>The Law of Freedom and Bondage<\/em> (1862)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.phmc.state.pa.us\/portal\/communities\/documents\/1776-1865\/abolition-slavery.html\">Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery<\/a>\u00a0(1780)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ushistory.org\/presidentshouse\/history\/amendment1788.php\">Amendment to the Gradual Abolition Statute<\/a>\u00a0(1788)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Z7oUAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA476&amp;dq=jack+durham+1788+franklin+county&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjht4ay9araAhWi4IMKHRgADekQ6AEINzAD#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Trial and Execution of Jack Durham, Franklin County Slave<\/a>\u00a0(1788)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=tQBIAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA367&amp;lpg=PA367&amp;dq=nelly+v.+pennsylvania+1823&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=GvncAvaHYz&amp;sig=MVenwCcHfZf5QWRcGE2FFFWpL4g&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjK3b_ap6jaAhXhz4MKHWHtAsAQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Stiles v. Nelly<\/a>\u00a0(1823)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-288pinsker\/pennsylvania-personal-liberty-law-1826\/\">Pennsylvania Personal Liberty Law<\/a>\u00a0(1826)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1789-1850\/41us539\">Prigg v. Pennsylvania<\/a>\u00a0(1842)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/babel.hathitrust.org\/cgi\/pt?id=mdp.35112203454162;view=1up;seq=1111\">An Act to Prevent Kidnapping<\/a>\u00a0(1847)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Slavery in Pennsylvania:\u00a0 County Slave Records<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Adams County\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.phmc.state.pa.us\/bah\/dam\/rg\/di\/r47-SlaveRecords\/r47-SlaveRecords-Adams\/r47-SlaveRecords-AdamsInterface.htm#AdamsSlave\">Register<\/a>\u00a0(1800-1820)<\/li>\n<li>Bedford County\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.phmc.state.pa.us\/bah\/dam\/rg\/di\/r47-SlaveRecords\/r47-SlaveRecords-Bedford\/r47-SlaveRecords-Bedford3rdGroup.htm#bedford3\">Returns<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.phmc.state.pa.us\/bah\/dam\/rg\/di\/r47-SlaveRecords\/r47-SlaveRecords-Bedford\/r47-SlaveRecords-Bedford1stGroup.htm#bedfordslave1\">c. 1780 Register<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.phmc.state.pa.us\/bah\/dam\/rg\/di\/r47-SlaveRecords\/r47-SlaveRecords-Bedford\/r47-SlaveRecords-Bedford2ndGroup.htm#bedford2\">c. 1820 Register<\/a> (1780-1834)<\/li>\n<li>Bucks County\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/repository.upenn.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&amp;context=mead\">Register<\/a>\u00a0(1783-1830)<\/li>\n<li>Centre County\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.phmc.state.pa.us\/bah\/dam\/rg\/di\/r47-SlaveRecords\/r47-SlaveRecords-Centre\/r47-SlaveRecords-CentreInterface.htm#CentreSlave\">Returns<\/a>\u00a0(1803-1830)<\/li>\n<li>Chester County\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chesco.org\/1724\/Negro-Servant-Returns-1788-1821\">Returns<\/a>\u00a0(1788-1821)<\/li>\n<li>Cumberland County\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ccweb.ccpa.net\/archives\/Inventory?PSID=541\">Returns<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ccweb.ccpa.net\/archives\/RecordGroupSeries?RGID=10&amp;RID=3\">Register<\/a>\u00a0(1780-1826)<\/li>\n<li>Dauphin County\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.phmc.state.pa.us\/bah\/dam\/rg\/di\/r47-SlaveRecords\/r47-SlaveRecords-Dauphin\/r47-SlaveRecords-DauphinInterface.htm#dauphin\">Tax Records<\/a>\u00a0(1800, 1807)<\/li>\n<li>Fayette County\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.phmc.state.pa.us\/bah\/dam\/rg\/di\/r47-SlaveRecords\/r47-SlaveRecords-Fayette\/r47-SlaveRecords-FayetteInterface.htm#fayette\">Register<\/a>\u00a0(1788-1826)<\/li>\n<li>Lancaster County\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.phmc.state.pa.us\/bah\/dam\/rg\/di\/r47-SlaveRecords\/r47-SlaveRecords-Lancaster\/r47-SlaveRecords-LancasterIndex.htm#LancasterIndex\">Index of Slave Owners<\/a>\u00a0(1780-1834)<\/li>\n<li>Washington County\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.phmc.state.pa.us\/bah\/dam\/rg\/di\/r47-SlaveRecords\/r47-SlaveRecords-Washington\/r47-SlaveRecords-WashingtonInterface.htm#washington\">Register<\/a>\u00a0(1782-1851)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Slavery in Pennsylvania: The Anti-Slavery Movement<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/digitalhistory.hsp.org\/pafrm\/doc\/constitution-pennsylvania-society-promoting-abolition-slaveryacts-general-assembly\">Constitution of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society<\/a>\u00a0(1787)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/franklinpapers.org\/franklin\/\/\">Benjamin Franklin Papers<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Isaac T. Hopper\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/web.tricolib.brynmawr.edu\/speccoll\/quakersandslavery\/commentary\/people\/hopper.php\">Biography<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/triptych.brynmawr.edu\/cdm\/ref\/collection\/HC_QuakSlav\/id\/7946\">Papers<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/archives.dickinson.edu\/digitized-resources\/life-and-letters-rev-john-mclintock\">Published Letters<\/a>\u00a0of Prof. John McClintock, discussing the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/gardnerlibrary.org\/journal\/mcclintock-slave-riot-1847\">McClintock Riot<\/a>\u00a0(1847)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalcommonwealth.org\/search?f%5Bname_facet_ssim%5D%5B%5D=M%27Kim%2C+J.+Miller+%28James+Miller%29%2C+1810-1874\">James Miller McKim Letters<\/a>\u00a0(Class of 1828)<\/li>\n<li>William Still&#8217;s Philadelphia Vigilance Committee\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hsp.org\/history-online\/digital-history-projects\/pennsylvania-abolition-society-papers\/journal-c-of-station-no-2-william-still-1852-1857-0\">Journal<\/a>\u00a0and Underground Railroad\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=8ANWAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Underground+railroad+william+still&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjq8rK99qraAhUW24MKHUl_C8QQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Book<\/a>\u00a0(1872)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ebooks.library.cornell.edu\/m\/mayantislavery\/index.html\">Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Collection<\/a>\u00a0(Cornell)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/deila.dickinson.edu\/slaveryandabolition\/\">Slavery &amp; Abolition in the US<\/a> (Dickinson College Archives)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">House Divided Research Engine<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9597\">Bleeding Kansas<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9584\">Compromise of 1850<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9599\">Dred Scott Case<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9594\">Kansas-Nebraska Act<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9601\">Lecompton<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9602\">Lincoln-Douglas Debates<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9606\">Secession<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9593\">Slavery<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9585\">Uncle Tom&#8217;s Cabin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9577\">Wilmot Proviso<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"><\/div>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><strong>Underground Railroad<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The Underground Railroad was a metaphor first used by antislavery activists in the 1840s to describe the increasingly organized and aggressive effort to help American slaves escape from bondage.\u00a0 The fight over fugitive slaves then became one of the primary causes of the Civil War.\u00a0 At the House Divided Project, we have been building a number of multi-resources devoted to help with the teaching of this often-misunderstood subject.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>BLOG: <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/ugrr\/\">Underground Railroad Digital Classroom<\/a> (with NEH)<\/li>\n<li>BLOG: <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/stampedes\/\">Slave Stampedes on Missouri Borderland<\/a> (with National Park Service)<\/li>\n<li>ESSAY:\u00a0 Matthew Pinsker, <a href=\"https:\/\/ap.gilderlehrman.org\/essay\/underground-railroad-and-coming-war\">UGRR and Coming of Civil War<\/a> (with GLI)<\/li>\n<li>ESSAY:\u00a0 Matthew Pinsker, <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-american\/essay-interpreting-the-upper-ground-railroad\/\">Interpreting the Upper-Ground Railroad<\/a> (2014)<\/li>\n<li>QUICK STATS:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-288pinsker\/2015\/07\/15\/underground-railroad-by-the-numbers\/\">Underground Railroad &#8211;By the Numbers<\/a> (HIST 288)<\/li>\n<li>RESEARCH ENGINE: <a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9587\">Fugitive Slave Law<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9603\">Harpers Ferry<\/a>,\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/9588\">UGRR<\/a><\/li>\n<li>WEB GUIDE:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-288pinsker\/underground-railroad\/\">Underground Railroad<\/a>\u00a0 (HIST 288)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/S1MCmdn_63Y\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Federal Laws and Codes<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/constitution\/#!\/articles\/4\/essays\/124\/fugitive-slave-clause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">US Constitution: Fugitive Slave Clause<\/a>\u00a0(1787) with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/teachingamericanhistory.org\/convention\/debates\/0828-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">debate August 28, 1787<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/ampage?collId=llac&amp;fileName=003\/llac003.db&amp;recNum=702\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fugitive Slave Act<\/a>\u00a0(1793)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/19th_century\/fugitive.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fugitive Slave Act<\/a>\u00a0(1850)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fjc.gov\/history\/administration\/court-officers-and-staff-commissioners\">US Commissioners<\/a>\u00a0(1850s)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>US Supreme Court<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1841\/1841_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Amistad<\/a>\u00a0(1841)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1789-1850\/41us539\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prigg v. Pennsylvania<\/a>\u00a0(1842) with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/msa.maryland.gov\/megafile\/msa\/speccol\/sc5400\/sc5496\/051200\/051268\/images\/finkelman_rutgers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law review article<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/reportcaseedwar00penngoog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">full Peters report<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1792-1850\/1847\/1847_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jones v. Van Zandt<\/a>\u00a0(1847)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/51\/82\/case.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Strader v. Graham<\/a>\u00a0(1851)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/55\/13\/case.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Moore v. Illinois<\/a>\u00a0(1852)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1851-1900\/1856\/1856_0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dred Scott v. Sandford<\/a>\u00a0(1857) with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/civilwar\/course-syllabus-2\/part-1-coming-of-war\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">multi-media resources<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1851-1900\/1858\/1858_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ableman v. Booth<\/a>\u00a0(1859)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>Fugitive Case Compilations\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Paul Finkelman, ed.,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=4ZnVfPAfR_8C&amp;lpg=PA497&amp;ots=9UwfWKWFPS&amp;dq=daggs%20case%201848&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fugitive Slaves and American Courts<\/a>\u00a0(2007)<\/li>\n<li>Samuel J. May, ed.,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/fugitiveslavelaw1856mays\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fugitive Slave Law and Its Victims<\/a>\u00a0(1856)<\/li>\n<li>Marion Gleason McDougall,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=_9X-kENtGzIC&amp;lpg=PA66&amp;ots=78Zp_6ousk&amp;dq=1840%20new%20york%20personal%20liberty%20law&amp;pg=PA7#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fugitive Slaves, 1619-1865<\/a>(1891)<\/li>\n<li>William Still,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/deila.dickinson.edu\/slaveryandabolition\/title\/0088.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Underground Railroad<\/a>\u00a0(1872) with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/stillfamily.library.temple.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Temple University exhibit<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Featured Slave Narratives (<a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/docsouth.unc.edu\/neh\/\">DocSouth<\/a>) with Summaries and Maps<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-311pinsker\/2017\/11\/06\/josiah-henson\/\">Josiah Henson<\/a> (by Maria Villotti)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-311pinsker\/2017\/11\/04\/harriet-jacobs-agency-of-a-slave-woman\/\">Harriet Jacobs<\/a>\u00a0(by Rachel Morgan)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-311pinsker\/2017\/11\/06\/paul-jennings-the-madison-staple\/\">Paul Jennings<\/a>\u00a0(by Jack Lodge)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-117pinsker\/2016\/11\/08\/elizabeth-keckley-1818-1907-the-path-to-freed-womanhood\/\">Elizabeth Keckly<\/a>\u00a0(by Abigail Stasior)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-311pinsker\/2017\/11\/04\/william-parker-runaway-slave-and-abolitionist\/\">William Parker<\/a>\u00a0(by George Gilbert)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-117pinsker\/2016\/11\/13\/slave-narrative-2\/\">Mary Prince<\/a>\u00a0(by Lauren Benton)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-117pinsker\/2015\/11\/01\/susie-king-taylor\/\">Susie King Taylor<\/a>\u00a0(by Michael Borsch)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-118pinsker\/up-from-slavery\/\">Booker T. Washington<\/a>\u00a0(by Matthew Pinsker)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-311pinsker\/2017\/11\/05\/the-narrative-of-james-williams\/\">James Williams<\/a>\u00a0(by Cooper Wingert)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1LFdMqaCljs1CdNzm4ZGpRi0GXGk\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vigilance Records and Fugitive Journals<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<ul>\n<li>Boston: \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/primaryresearch.org\/bostons-reaction-to-the-fugitive-slave-law-through-the-boston-vigilance-committee\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vigilance\u00a0accounts (1850-55)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Delaware County, Ohio: \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=4C4OAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=daniel%20osborn%20underground%20railroad%201844&amp;pg=PA344#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Daniel Osborn\u2019s journal<\/a>\u00a0(1844)<\/li>\n<li>New York: \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/exhibitions.cul.columbia.edu\/exhibits\/show\/fugitives\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sydney Gay\u2019s Record of Fugitives (1855)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Philadelphia:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hsp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pmhbvigilantcommitteereading.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00a0Record of Cases\u00a0(1839-44)<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hsp.org\/history-online\/digital-history-projects\/pennsylvania-abolition-society-papers\/journal-c-of-station-no-2-william-still-1852-1857-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Journal C, Station 2 (1852-57)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>MD to NY:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/files\/2018\/10\/Handout-Harriet-Tubman.pdf\">Harriet Tubman in Vigilance Records<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VOxGbpGxIkk\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4 align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Wartime Emancipation: Overview<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>The\u00a0Emancipation Proclamation\u00a0(January 1, 1863) was a pivotal document but really only one element in a dramatic and relentless struggle to abolish slavery that involved decisive actions from numerous figures, beginning with the enslaved themselves.\u00a0 At the House Divided Project, we have tried to translate scholarly insights about this complicated process into multi-media materials that can work well in the modern-day classroom.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>BLOG:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/civilwar\/course-syllabus-2\/part-2-why-they-fought\/\">Black Soldiers:\u00a0 Why They Fought<\/a><\/li>\n<li>BLOG: <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/emancipation\/\">Emancipation Digital Classroom<\/a><\/li>\n<li>BLOG: <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/\">Lincoln&#8217;s Writings: The Multi-Media Edition<\/a><\/li>\n<li>BLOG:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/2018\/08\/09\/teaching-gettysburg-new-classroom-resources\/\">New Resources on Gettysburg Campaign<\/a><\/li>\n<li>EXHIBIT: <a href=\"https:\/\/artsandculture.google.com\/exhibit\/wReow-98\">Lincoln&#8217;s Gettysburg Addresses<\/a> (Google Arts)<\/li>\n<li>EXHIBIT:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/grandreview\/\">Pennsylvania Grand Review<\/a><\/li>\n<li>RESEARCH ENGINE: <a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/36416\">Emancipation<\/a>,\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/32496\">United States Colored Troops<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Wartime Emancipation:\u00a0 Primary Sources<\/span><\/h4>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/emancipation\/document-lab\/\">First hand accounts of wartime emancipation<\/a> (1861-65)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/emancipation\/2012\/07\/14\/contraband-of-war\/\">Contraband of War<\/a>\u00a0(1861)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/emancipation\/2012\/07\/14\/congressional-confiscation-acts\/\">Confiscation Acts<\/a>\u00a0(1861-62)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.freedmen.umd.edu\/artwar.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Revised Articles of War<\/a>\u00a0(March 13, 1862)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/first-draft-of-emancipation-july-22-1862\/\">First Draft of Emancipation<\/a> (July 22, 1862)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/letter-to-horace-greeley-august-22-1862\/\">Lincoln&#8217;s letter to Horace Greeley<\/a> (August 22, 1862)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/presidential-proclamation-september-22-1862\/\">Preliminary Emancipation<\/a> (September 22, 1862)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/emancipation\/2012\/07\/14\/emancipation-proclamation\/\">Emancipation Proclamation<\/a> (January 1, 1863)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/18\/surveying-emancipation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Freedmen Inquiry Commission<\/a>\u00a0(1863) and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/refugeesfromslav00howe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Report on Refugees<\/a>\u00a0(1864)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/ampage?collId=llcg&amp;fileName=067\/llcg067.db&amp;recNum=264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Repeal of Fugitive Slave Acts<\/a>\u00a0(June 1864) with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/ampage?collId=llcg&amp;fileName=065\/llcg065.db&amp;recNum=771\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Senate debate<\/a>\u00a0(April)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/rr\/program\/bib\/ourdocs\/13thamendment.html\">Thirteenth Amendment<\/a> (1865)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Wartime Emancipation:\u00a0 Most Teachable External Web Sites<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.americanyawp.com\/text\/14-the-civil-war\/\">American Yawp, &#8220;Civil War,&#8221; Chapter 14<\/a> (Stanford U Press)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cwemancipation.wordpress.com\/\">Civil War Emancipation<\/a> (Donald Shaffer)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cwmemory.com\/blog\/\">Civil War Memory<\/a> (Kevin Levin)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/opinion\/disunion.html\">Disunion<\/a> (New York Times)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docsouth.unc.edu\/index.html\">Documenting the American South<\/a> (UNC)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.freedmen.umd.edu\/index.html\">Freedmen and Southern Society Project<\/a> (UMaryland)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nydivided.org\/VirtualExhibit\/\">New York Divided<\/a> (NY Historical Society)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/valley.lib.virginia.edu\/\">Valley of the Shadow<\/a> (UVA)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/emancipation\/\">Visualizing Emancipation<\/a> (URichmond)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Wartime Emancipation:\u00a0 &#8220;Lincoln&#8221; movie teacher&#8217;s guide<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/emancipation\/2013\/02\/02\/lincoln-2012-cast-of-characters\/\">Case of Characters<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/emancipation\/2013\/02\/01\/spielbergs-lincoln-2012-the-unofficial-scene-by-scene-summary\/\">Scene summary with full text script<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/emancipation\/2013\/02\/07\/historians-react-to-the-lincoln-movie\/\">Summary of historians&#8217; reactions<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Matthew Pinsker&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/emancipation\/2013\/02\/14\/warning-artists-at-work\/\">essay on movie&#8217;s artistic license<\/a> with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?319092-2\/discussion-historical-accuracy-movie-lincoln\">video presentation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/emancipation\/2013\/02\/22\/lincoln-and-war-powers\/\">Lesson plan on emancipation and war powers<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Reconstruction and Slavery&#8217;s Legacy<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The 150th anniversary of Reconstruction (1865-77) has not mobilized the same type of national response as the sesquicentennial of the Civil War, but classroom teachers across the country are trying to deepen understanding of the period that historian Eric Foner has labeled as &#8220;America&#8217;s Unfinished Revolution.&#8221;\u00a0 At House Divided, we are committed to developing a series of multi-media resources that can help teachers and students in these critical efforts.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>BLOG:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/category\/period\/reconstruction-1865-1880\/\">Reconstruction topics<\/a> (Blog Divided)<\/li>\n<li>EXHIBIT:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/artsandculture.google.com\/exhibit\/mgJyfs_zVjtpJg\">Prince of Emancipation<\/a> (Google Arts &amp; Culture)<\/li>\n<li>HONORS PROJECT:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-prohibition\/\">Temperance Reform in Black Atlanta<\/a> (Sarah Goldberg)<\/li>\n<li>RESEARCH ENGINE: <a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/45749\">Freedmen&#8217;s Bureau<\/a>,\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/36585\">Reconstruction<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/36587\">Amendments<\/a><\/li>\n<li>VIDEO:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.dickinson.edu\/hist-211pinsker\/2016\/11\/04\/1548\/\">Violence at Eufaula in 1874<\/a> (Ryan Schutte)<\/li>\n<li>VIDEO:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/2016\/01\/29\/foner-headlines-anniversary-events-on-reconstruction\/\">2016 Reconstruction symposium<\/a> (with Gregory Downs, Eric Foner, Anne Sarah Rubin and Matthew Pinsker)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NCEbgQqKH1Y\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4 align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Carlisle and the Jim Crow North<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>1896 article, <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=DOY7AQAAMAAJ&amp;lpg=PA63&amp;dq=negros%20under%20northern%20conditions%20gunton's%20magazine&amp;pg=PA52#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">&#8220;Negroes Under Northern Conditions&#8221;<\/a> by Guy Carleton Lee (features analysis of black community in Carlisle) [Google Books]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This page contains various research links, as well as some embedded multi-media tools, all designed to help introduce teachers and students to the subject of American slavery and its legacy.\u00a0 Over the years, we have created many of these resources here at Dickinson College.\u00a0 Yet if you have additional or new sources to recommend, please &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/study-guide\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Studying Slavery&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16"}],"version-history":[{"count":72,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1495,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16\/revisions\/1495"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/slavery\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}