{"id":161,"date":"2013-06-10T12:36:12","date_gmt":"2013-06-10T12:36:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/?p=161"},"modified":"2020-07-15T11:35:04","modified_gmt":"2020-07-15T11:35:04","slug":"letter-to-horace-greeley-august-22-1862","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/letter-to-horace-greeley-august-22-1862\/","title":{"rendered":"Letter to Horace Greeley (August 22, 1862)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Ranking<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 36px;\">#4<\/span> on the list of 150 Most Teachable Lincoln Documents<\/em><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Annotated Transcript<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><em><strong>Context:\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>Horace Greeley published an angry open &#8220;letter&#8221; to President Lincoln in the pages of his newspaper, the New York Tribune, on August 20, 1862. Greeley was upset that Lincoln had not yet begun enforcing the &#8220;emancipating provisions&#8221; of the new Second Confiscation Act (July 17, 1862). Lincoln responded in the pages of a rival newspaper with his own &#8220;letter&#8221; to Greeley that sternly laid out the president&#8217;s policy regarding slavery. Lincoln claimed his &#8220;paramount object&#8221; in the war was to &#8220;save the Union&#8221; and not &#8220;freeing all the slaves.&#8221; Yet by that point, Lincoln had already decided (in secret) that the only way he could &#8220;save the Union&#8221; was to issue an emancipation proclamation following the next major battlefield victory. (By Matthew Pinsker)<\/p>\n<div id='rg_embed_link_404673' class='rg_embed_link'>Read <a href=\"http:\/\/poetry.rapgenius.com\/Abraham-lincoln-letter-to-horace-greeley-annotated\">&#8220;Letter to Horace Greeley&#8221; by Abraham Lincoln<\/a> on Poetry Genius<\/div>\n<p><script src='\/\/poetry.rapgenius.com\/songs\/404673\/embed.js?u=512815'><\/script><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/25288\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Audio Version<\/strong><\/h3>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F98821746&visual=true\"><\/iframe>\n<h3>On This Date<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/panel\/this_date\/1862-08-22\">HD Daily Report, August 22, 1862<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>I<\/strong><strong>mage Gallery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-161 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/letter-to-reverdy-johnson-july-26-1862\/lincoln-in-1862\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/files\/2013\/06\/Lincoln-in-1862-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Lincoln in\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-423\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-423'>\n\t\t\t\tLincoln in 1862\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/letter-to-horace-greeley-august-22-1862\/letter-to-horace-greeley\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/files\/2013\/06\/Letter-to-Horace-Greeley-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Letter to Horace Greeley\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-489\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-489'>\n\t\t\t\tPublished Version\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/letter-to-horace-greeley-august-22-1862\/horace-greeley\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/files\/2013\/06\/Horace-Greeley-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Horace Greeley\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-490\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-490'>\n\t\t\t\tHorace Greeley\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/letter-to-horace-greeley-august-22-1862\/greeley-letter\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/files\/2013\/06\/Greeley-Letter-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Greeley Letter\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-859\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-859'>\n\t\t\t\tOriginal draft\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/letter-to-horace-greeley-august-22-1862\/greeley-letter-part-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/files\/2013\/06\/Greeley-Letter-part-2-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Greeley Letter part\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-860\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-860'>\n\t\t\t\tEdited draft\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/letter-to-horace-greeley-august-22-1862\/greeley-letter-part-3\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/files\/2013\/06\/Greeley-Letter-part-3-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Greeley Letter part\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-861\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-861'>\n\t\t\t\tHandwritten Closing\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h3><strong>Close Readings<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/37wGIfoRI9k\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/vimeo.com\/70711839\">Matthew Pinsker: Understanding Lincoln: Letter to Greeley (1862)<\/a> from <a href=\"http:\/\/vimeo.com\/gilderlehrman\">The Gilder Lehrman Institute<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\">Vimeo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<dl id=\"attachment_98\">\n<dt>\u00a0<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Custom Map<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/maps.google.com\/maps\/ms?msid=214923210427089848626.0004def4e79e2ae545ca4&amp;msa=0&amp;ll=40.714671,-74.005322&amp;spn=0.010637,0.014999&amp;iwloc=0004df0882351fd90af63\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-543\" alt=\"Horace Greeley\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/files\/2013\/06\/Horace-Greeley.png\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" \/><br \/>\n<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/maps.google.com\/maps\/ms?msid=214923210427089848626.0004def4e79e2ae545ca4&amp;msa=0&amp;ll=40.714834,-74.005322&amp;spn=0.02316,0.041413&amp;iwloc=lyrftr:msid:214923210427089848626.0004def4e79e2ae545ca4,0004df0882351fd90af63,,,0,-63\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">View in Larger Map<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Other Primary Sources<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/ampage?collId=mal&amp;fileName=mal1\/197\/1974400\/malpage.db&amp;recNum=0\">Horace Greeley letter to Abraham Lincoln, March 24, 1862<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/ampage?collId=mal&amp;fileName=mal2\/423\/4233500\/malpage.db&amp;recNum=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Horace Greeley, &#8220;The Prayer of Twenty Millions,&#8221;\u00a0<em>New York Tribune,\u00a0<\/em>August 20, 1862<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/files\/2013\/06\/Reaction-to-20-Millions-Greeley.pdf\">Daily National Intelligencer, &#8220;The President at the Bar,&#8221; August 22, 1862<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/ampage?collId=mal&amp;fileName=mal2\/423\/4233700\/malpage.db&amp;recNum=0\">Thurlow Weed letter to Abraham Lincoln, August 24, 1862<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=yRgTAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=James%20Welling%20Rice%20Reminiscences&amp;pg=PA523#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">James C. Wellling, former newspaper editor, recalls publishing Lincoln&#8217;s response to Greeley\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>How Historians Interpret<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;Written at a time when the draft of the Emancipation Proclamation had already been completed, Lincoln&#8217;s letter to Greeley later seemed puzzling, if not deceptive. \u00a0But the President did not intend it to be so. \u00a0He was giving assurance to the large majority of the Northern people who did not want to see the war transformed into a crusade for abolition\u2014and at the same time he was alerting antislavery men that he was contemplating further moves against the peculiar institution. \u00a0In Lincoln&#8217;s mind there was no necessary disjunction between a war for the Union and a war to end slavery. \u00a0Like most Republicans, he had long held the belief that if slavery could be contained it would inevitably die; a war that kept the slave states within the Union would, therefore, bring about the ultimate extinction of slavery. \u00a0For this reason, saving the Union was his &#8216;paramount object.&#8217; \u00a0But readers aware that Lincoln always chose his words carefully should have recognized that &#8216;paramount&#8217; meant &#8216;foremost&#8217; or &#8216;principle&#8217;\u2014not &#8216;sole.'&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014David Herbert Donald,\u00a0<em>Lincoln\u00a0<\/em>(New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 1995), 368-369<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Further Reading<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><em>For educators:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/files\/2013\/06\/Handout-Greeley-Letter.doc\">Handout &#8211;Greeley Letter\u00a0(Pinsker)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.abrahamlincolnsclassroom.org\/Library\/newsletter.asp?ID=128&amp;CRLI=176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abraham Lincoln&#8217;s Classroom, &#8220;Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley&#8221;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.learner.org\/workshops\/primarysources\/emancipation\/activities01.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Annenberg Learner, &#8220;What Did \u00a0Lincoln Believe,&#8221; multi-unit lesson plan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>For everyone:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.civilwar.org\/video\/greeleys-letter-and-the.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"line-height: 13px;\">Civil War Trust, Greeley&#8217;s Letter and the Emancipation Proclamation (video)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gilderlehrman.org\/history-by-era\/african-americans-and-emancipation\/timeline-terms\/prayer-twenty-millions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gilder Lehrman Institute, timeline entry, &#8220;The Prayer of Twenty Millions&#8221;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;lpg=PA148&amp;dq=Allen%20Guelzo%20Greeley%20Twenty%20Millions&amp;pg=PA147#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Guelzo, Allen C.\u00a0<em>Lincoln&#8217;s Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America\u00a0<\/em>(New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2004), 147-52.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=5u25mVscD5MC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PA143#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wilson, Douglas L. Chapter 6, \u201cPublic Opinion,\u201d\u00a0<em>Lincoln\u2019s Sword: The Presidency and the Power of Words.\u00a0<\/em>New York: Random House, 2006, pp. 143-61.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #c0c0c0;\">Searchable Text<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c0c0c0;\">Hon. Horace Greely: Executive Mansion,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #c0c0c0;\"> Dear Sir Washington, August 22, 1862.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c0c0c0;\"> I have just read yours of the 19th. addressed to myself through the New-York Tribune. If there be in it any statements, or assumptions of fact, which I may know to be erroneous, I do not, now and here, controvert them. If there be in it any inferences which I may believe to be falsely drawn, I do not now and here, argue against them. If there be perceptable in it an impatient and dictatorial tone, I waive it in deference to an old friend, whose heart I have always supposed to be right.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c0c0c0;\"> As to the policy I &#8220;seem to be pursuing&#8221; as you say, I have not meant to leave any one in doubt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c0c0c0;\"> I would save the Union. I would save it the shortest way under the Constitution. The sooner the national authority can be restored; the nearer the Union will be &#8220;the Union as it was.&#8221; If there be those who would not save the Union, unless they could at the same time <em>save<\/em> slavery, I do not agree with them. If there be those who would not save the Union unless they could at the same time <em>destroy<\/em> slavery, I do not agree with them. My paramount object in this struggle <em>is<\/em> to save the Union, and is <em>not<\/em> either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing <em>any<\/em> slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing <em>all<\/em> the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do <em>not<\/em> believe it would help to save the Union. I shall do <em>less<\/em> whenever I shall believe what I am doing hurts the cause, and I shall do <em>more<\/em> whenever I shall believe doing more will help the cause. I shall try to correct errors when shown to be errors; and I shall adopt new views so fast as they shall appear to be true views.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c0c0c0;\"> I have here stated my purpose according to my view of <em>official<\/em> duty; and I intend no modification of my oft-expressed <em>personal<\/em> wish that all men every where could be free. Yours,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c0c0c0;\"> A. LINCOLN<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ranking #4 on the list of 150 Most Teachable Lincoln Documents Annotated Transcript Context:\u00a0Horace Greeley published an angry open &#8220;letter&#8221; to President Lincoln in the pages of his newspaper, the New York Tribune, on August 20, 1862. Greeley was upset that Lincoln had not yet begun enforcing the &#8220;emancipating provisions&#8221; of the new Second Confiscation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10859],"tags":[10896,10900,11651,6088,10883,11625,10882,11635,11658,10861,10862,10876],"class_list":["post-161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-savior-of-the-union","tag-anger","tag-emancipation","tag-friendship","tag-letter","tag-manipulation","tag-nationalism","tag-newspapers","tag-partisanship","tag-pragmatism","tag-public","tag-wartime","tag-younger-readers"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=161"}],"version-history":[{"count":39,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4637,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161\/revisions\/4637"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/lincoln\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}