{"id":5214,"date":"2018-07-09T20:22:45","date_gmt":"2018-07-10T01:22:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/?p=5214"},"modified":"2018-08-05T14:47:34","modified_gmt":"2018-08-05T19:47:34","slug":"coverage-of-the-gettysburg-address","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/2018\/07\/09\/coverage-of-the-gettysburg-address\/","title":{"rendered":"Coverage of the Gettysburg Address"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;He said, in substance, Ninety years ago our fathers formed a Government consecrated to freedom and dedicated to the principle that all men are created equal.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Centralia (IL) Sentinel <\/em>&nbsp;November 26, 1863,&nbsp;from coverage of Lincoln&#8217;s Gettysburg Address<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Screen-Shot-2018-07-24-at-2.19.44-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-5398\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Screen-Shot-2018-07-24-at-2.19.44-PM-202x300.png\" alt=\"Gospel cover\" width=\"202\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Screen-Shot-2018-07-24-at-2.19.44-PM-202x300.png 202w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Screen-Shot-2018-07-24-at-2.19.44-PM-768x1139.png 768w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Screen-Shot-2018-07-24-at-2.19.44-PM-691x1024.png 691w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Screen-Shot-2018-07-24-at-2.19.44-PM.png 816w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 202px) 100vw, 202px\" \/><\/a>Ninety years ago? Imagine being the Civil War-era reporter who did not believe that the phrase &#8220;Four score and seven years ago&#8221; was memorable enough to record in its exact language. Yet historian Gabor Boritt includes this passage from the <em>Sentinel&#8217;<\/em>s slightly botched coverage of Lincoln&#8217;s Gettysburg Address in his book,&nbsp;<em>The Gettysburg Gospel&nbsp;<\/em>(2006).&nbsp; Boritt uses the example as a way to highlight the surprisingly complicated story about how Lincoln&#8217;s brief speech at the Soldiers&#8217; National Cemetery dedication was received in late 1863 and then how the memory of it changed 0ver the years that followed.&nbsp; Boritt&#8217;s book introduces readers to a host of primary sources, including numerous historical newspaper accounts, that show a wide range of reactions to Lincoln&#8217;s now-famous and universally-celebrated words.&nbsp; This post attempts to organize some of these sources for teachers and students to view themselves.&nbsp; In addition, I have started to collect various post-war recollected accounts of the dedication ceremony, including some that Boritt does not feature, as a way to provide first-hand accounts of that memorable day on November 19, 1863.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Local Reactions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;How the president&#8217;s words were reported would impact how they were received. People often read papers out loud, and what they heard, if they read his remarks, varied widely.&#8221; (Boritt, 142)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>(Gettysburg, PA)<em> The Adams Sentinel,&nbsp;<\/em>&#8220;Speech of the President,&#8221; November 24, 1863&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Screen-Shot-2018-07-26-at-10.41.46-AM.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/The_Adams_Sentinel_Tue__Nov_24__1863_.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>(Courtesy of Newspapers.com)&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n<li>(Lancaster, PA)<em> Daily Inquirer,<\/em> &#8220;The Gettysburg Celebration,&#8221; November 20, 1863&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Lancaster_Daily_Inquirer_1863-11-20_2.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Lancaster_Daily_Inquirer_1863-11-20_2-1.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>(Courtesy of Genealogy Bank)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>(Harrisburg, PA) <em>The&nbsp;Patriot News<\/em>, &#8220;President Lincoln&#8217;s Last Speech,&#8221; December 3, 1863&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Patriot_1863-12-03_3.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>(Courtesy of Genealogy Bank)<\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>This one is especially teachable because the paper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2013\/11\/newspaper-corrects-1863-editorial-calling-the-gettyburg-address-silly\/281540\/\">retracted<\/a> their criticism many years later.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Union County (PA) Star and Lewisburg Chronicle<\/em>, &#8220;Dedication at Gettysburg,&#8221; November 27, 1863&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Screen-Shot-2018-07-26-at-9.57.35-AM.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/seq-1.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a> (<em>Courtesy of Chronicling America)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Republican Reactions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The Republican papers printed overwhelmingly favorable editorial comments.&#8221; (Boritt, 131)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Chicago Tribune<\/em>, &#8220;The Consecration of the Battle Cemetery,&#8221; November 21, 1863&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/chitribclip-2.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/nov-21-63-chi-trib.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;(<em>Courtesy of Newspapers.com)&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n<li>(Montpellier, VT) <em>The Daily Green Mountain Freeman, <\/em>&#8220;Consecration of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg,&#8221; November 21, 1863 <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/montclip.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/nov-21-63-montpellier.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;(<em>Courtesy of Newspapers.com)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>New York Times<\/em>, &#8220;The Heroes of July,&#8221; November 20, 1863 <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/New-York-Times-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/nov-20-63-nyt.pdf\">[FULL ARTICLE]<\/a> (<em>Courtesy of New York Times Online Archives)<\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>The editor of the&nbsp;<em>Times<\/em>, Henry Raymond, served as chairman of Lincoln&#8217;s reelection campaign in 1864.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>(Springfield)<em> Illinois State Journal<\/em>, &#8220;Inauguration of the Gettysburg Cemetery,&#8221; November 23, 1863&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Daily_Illinois_State_Journal_1863-11-23_2.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Daily_Illinois_State_Journal_1863-11-23_2-1.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>(Courtesy of Genealogy Bank)<\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>This article by Lincoln&#8217;s hometown newspaper ends with noting the tremendous applause he received following his remarks at the cemetery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>(Washington, DC)<em> Weekly National Intelligencer<\/em>, &#8220;The Ceremonies at Gettysburg,&#8221; November 26, 1863&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/weeknatclip.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Weekly_National_Intelligencer_Thu__Nov_26__1863_.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;(<em>Courtesy of Newspapers.com)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Democratic Reactions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Most of the Democratic papers tried to hide, or entirely ignore, the president&#8217;s speech, which they regarded as the start of his presidential campaign.&#8221; (Boritt, 140-141)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Baltimore Sun<\/em>, &#8220;The National Cemetery,&#8221; November 20, 1863&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Baltimore-Sun-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/nov-20-63-baltimore.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;(<em>Courtesy of Newspapers.com)<\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>The&nbsp;<em>Sun <\/em>mostly&nbsp;avoided criticism of the president&#8217;s remarks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Clearfield (PA) Republican<\/em>, &#8220;A Voice From the Dead,&#8221; December 2, 1863 <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Clearfield-Republican-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Clearfield_Republican_Wed__Dec_2__1863_.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;(<em>Courtesy of Newspapers.com)<\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>The column attacked both Edward Everett and Lincoln for allegedly making the dedication about themselves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>(Ebensburg, PA)<em> Democrat and Sentinel<\/em>, &#8220;The Gettysburg Cemetery,&#8221; December 2, 1863&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/demsentclip.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Democrat_and_Sentinel_Wed__Dec_2__1863_.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;(<em>Courtesy of Newspapers.com)<\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>This account aggressively misquoted the president to make it appear as if he was not appreciating the fallen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>(Indianapolis)<em> The Indiana State Sentinel<\/em>, &#8220;The President at Gettysburg,&#8221; November 30, 1863&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/indyclip.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/The_Indiana_State_Sentinel_Mon__Nov_30__1863_.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;(<em>Courtesy of Newspapers.com)<\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>Lincoln is yet again attacked for trying to be political at the dedication.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>New York Herald,&nbsp;<\/em>&#8220;Consecration of the National Sepulcher at Gettysburg,&#8221; November 20, 1863&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/New_York_Herald_1863-11-20_6.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/New_York_Herald_1863-11-20_6-1-1.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>(Courtesy of Newspapers.com)<\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>The&nbsp;<em>Herald<\/em> focuses on the soldiers who fought rather than any of the speeches at the dedication.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Philadelphia Inquirer<\/em>, &#8220;Gettysburg Celebration,&#8221; November 20, 1863&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/philainq.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Philadelphia-Inquirer-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[FULL ARTICLE]<\/a>&nbsp;(<em>Courtesy of Newspapers.com)&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>British Coverage<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>(Colchester, UK) The<em> Essex County Standard,&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;&#8220;Later Intelligence,&#8221; December 4, 1863&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/essexclip-1.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/The_Essex_County_Standard__etc__Fri__Dec_4__1863_.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;(<em>Courtesy of Newspapers.com)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>(London, UK)<em> The Morning Post<\/em>, &#8220;The Civil War in America,&#8221; December 12, 1863 <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/The-Morning-Post-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/dec-12-63-london.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;(<em>Courtesy of Newspapers.com)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Recollections<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Noah Brooks,&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8220;Personal Reminisces of Lincoln,&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Scribner&#8217;s Monthly<\/em>, Vol. 15 (Feb. 1878), p. 565&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Scribner-Recollection-2.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;(Courtesy of HathiTrust, digitized by Cornell University)\n<ul>\n<li>Brooks was a leading journalist who described his interactions with Lincoln leading up to the speech, and how he remembered the president writing the speech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>[John Hay]<em>, The Holton Recorder (KS),&nbsp;<\/em>&#8220;Lincoln the Author of His Gettysburg Address,&#8221; January 3, 1884&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/hayclip.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/The_Holton_Recorder_Thu__Jan_3__1884_.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;(Courtesy of Newspapers.com)\n<ul>\n<li>Hay, who was Lincoln&#8217;s personal aid, admitted to signing the President&#8217;s name often but assured he had nothing to do with the Gettysburg Address.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>[Samuel Schmucker],&nbsp;<em>Adams County News (PA)<\/em>, &#8220;Death of Judge S. D. Schmucker,&#8221; March 11, 1911&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Adams-County-News-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Adams_County_News_Sat__Mar_11__1911_.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a> (Courtesy of Newspapers.com)\n<ul>\n<li>Schmucker was a local jurist who viewed the speech as a young man.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>[James Speed]<em>, The Chicago Tribune<\/em>, &#8220;A Pretty Little Fiction,&#8221;&nbsp;April 20, 1887&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/chitribclip-1.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/Chicago_Tribune_Wed__Apr_20__1887_.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>&nbsp; (Courtesy of Newspapers.com)\n<ul>\n<li>Speed, who served as Lincoln&#8217;s second attorney general, disputed the impression that Lincoln wrote the speech on the train to Gettysburg.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>[David Wills],&nbsp;<em>The Carlisle Sentinel (PA),&nbsp;<\/em>October 7, 1885&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/sentclip-1.pdf\">[IMAGE]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2018\/07\/The_Sentinel_Wed__Oct_7__1885_.pdf\">[FULL PAGE]<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Wills was the local attorney who hosted the president at Gettysburg and recalled that Lincoln wrote at least the final version the speech in his house.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Further Reading<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Boritt, Gabor. <em>The Gettysburg Gospel: The Lincoln Speech that Nobody Knows.<\/em> New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006.<\/p>\n<p>Pinsker, Matthew.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/artsandculture.google.com\/exhibit\/wReow-98\">Lincoln&#8217;s Gettysburg Addresses<\/a>.&nbsp; House Divided Project exhibit at Google Arts &amp; Culture, 2013.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;He said, in substance, Ninety years ago our fathers formed a Government consecrated to freedom and dedicated to the principle that all men are created equal.&#8221;&nbsp;Centralia (IL) Sentinel &nbsp;November 26, 1863,&nbsp;from coverage of Lincoln&#8217;s Gettysburg Address Ninety years ago? Imagine being the Civil War-era reporter who did not believe that the phrase &#8220;Four score and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":104,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78,80,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-19th-century-1840-1880","category-civil-war-1861-1865","category-places-to-visit"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/104"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5214"}],"version-history":[{"count":48,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5443,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5214\/revisions\/5443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}