{"id":4466,"date":"2013-09-28T14:18:16","date_gmt":"2013-09-28T19:18:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/?p=4466"},"modified":"2013-09-29T09:07:56","modified_gmt":"2013-09-29T14:07:56","slug":"who-is-the-real-sam-wilkeson","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/2013\/09\/28\/who-is-the-real-sam-wilkeson\/","title":{"rendered":"Who is the real Sam Wilkeson?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As readers of Blog Divided are well aware, we have been fascinated by the story of Samuel and Bayard Wilkeson, a father and son who were both at Gettysburg, one as a correspondent for the\u00a0<em>New York Times<\/em> and the other as a 2LT for the Union army. \u00a0The son died on the battle&#8217;s first day after being wounded by an artillery shell and after amputating his own leg. \u00a0The father discovered his son&#8217;s body on July 4, 1863 following more than a day of intense searching. \u00a0Then he wrote a passionate, angry account of what happened for the <em>New York Times,\u00a0<\/em>which closed by resolving that the dead at Gettysburg had &#8220;baptised&#8221; with their blood, the &#8220;second birth of Freedom in America.&#8221; \u00a0President Lincoln knew the Wilkesons. The story of the family&#8217;s tragedy echoed across the North during the summer of 1863. \u00a0So the connection to Lincoln&#8217;s famous phase in the Gettysburg Address, &#8220;a new birth of freedom,&#8221; seemed overwhelming, intentional, and eminently teachable. \u00a0We first posted about the story of the <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/2010\/07\/26\/an-angry-father-at-gettysburg\/\">&#8220;Angry Father&#8221; <\/a>in July 2010, but then followed up with more details in the summer of 2013, <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/2013\/06\/11\/teaching-the-story-of-bayard-wilkeson\/\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/2013\/07\/07\/new-details-about-first-draft-of-gettysburg-address\/\">here<\/a>. \u00a0I spoke about the Wilkeson family during the 150th anniversary commemorations for the Battle of Gettysburg and have been featuring the story in numerous K-12 workshops during the last five years, typically through this <a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/Handout-Wilkeson-.doc\">handout<\/a>.<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/72210033\" height=\"275\" width=\"500\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/vimeo.com\/72210033\">Matthew Pinsker<\/a> from <a href=\"http:\/\/vimeo.com\/user15520119\">Gettysburg Foundation<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\">Vimeo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But there&#8217;s been one nagging concern that we just have not yet been able to fully resolve. \u00a0What exactly did Sam Wilkeson look like? \u00a0The problem is that there are multiple images attributed to him but they don&#8217;t seem to align properly. \u00a0I brought this up at the final seminar session of the &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/new.livestream.com\/gilderlehrman\/lincoln\" target=\"_blank\">Understanding Lincoln&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0open, online course and asked for help, in true &#8220;class-sourcing&#8221; fashion. \u00a0Remarkably, within a few hours, I got a very helpful lead from course participant Martha Bohnenberger, a social studies teacher from South Carolina.<\/p>\n<p>Here is the problem that first disturbed me in the summer of 2013. \u00a0The House Divided Project has been using this striking 1859 image of Sam Wilkeson (on the top left) taken by Alexander Gardner, discovered and cleaned up by project co-founder John Osborne, courtesy of the <a href=\"http:\/\/americanart.si.edu\/collections\/search\/artwork\/?id=34193\" target=\"_blank\">online collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum<\/a>. \u00a0Yet the <i>Buffalo News\u00a0<\/i><a href=\"http:\/\/www.buffalonews.com\/20130701\/buffalo_lieutenant_gave_his_life_for_honor_at_gettysburg.html\" target=\"_blank\">profiled the Wilkesons <\/a>this past summer\u00a0because the family were Buffalo natives \u00a0and they used the image on the top right &#8211;clearly not the same person&#8211; to represent Sam Wilkeson (undated, no source citation). \u00a0I presume they obtained this photograph from the Buffalo History Museum, but I haven&#8217;t yet tracked it all down. By the way, Buffalo was a nineteenth-century city partly founded by the grandfather in this story, Judge Samuel Wilkeson, Sr., who had hailed from Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where Dickinson College is located. \u00a0However, there is even more about the image to consider. \u00a0The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gettysburgfoundation.org\/10\/getty-museum-and-visitor-center\" target=\"_blank\">Gettysburg National Military Park <\/a>features the story of the Wilkesons inside their main museum experience at the Visitor&#8217;s Center, but they use an entirely different image reportedly of newspaper correspondent Sam Wilkeson, which they credit to the National Archives (on the bottom left). \u00a0Meanwhile, Martha Bohnenberger discovered this illustration (bottom right) in the <a href=\"http:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/lccn\/sn83030272\/1889-12-03\/ed-1\/seq-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><em>New York Sun<\/em> from December 3, 1889<\/a> as part of an obituary for Wilkeson &#8211;read it, he led a truly remarkable life&#8211; by doing some shrewd online research at the Library\u00a0of Congress site, <a href=\"http:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\">Chronicling America<\/a>. \u00a0Again, it&#8217;s different.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4468\" style=\"width: 220px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu\/node\/33818\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4468\" class=\" wp-image-4468   \" alt=\"HD_wilkesonSjr\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/HD_wilkesonSjr-259x300.jpg\" width=\"210\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/HD_wilkesonSjr-259x300.jpg 259w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/HD_wilkesonSjr.jpg 485w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4468\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sam Wilkeson (Smithsonian)<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4469\" style=\"width: 219px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.buffalonews.com\/20130701\/buffalo_lieutenant_gave_his_life_for_honor_at_gettysburg.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4469\" class=\" wp-image-4469    \" alt=\"Sam Wilkeson, Jr. (Buffalo News)\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/Sam-Wilkeson-Jr.-Buffalo-News-258x300.jpg\" width=\"209\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/Sam-Wilkeson-Jr.-Buffalo-News-258x300.jpg 258w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/Sam-Wilkeson-Jr.-Buffalo-News.jpg 593w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 209px) 100vw, 209px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4469\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sam Wilkeson (Buffalo News)<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4470\" style=\"width: 221px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/Sam-Wilkeson-NPS-via-Nat-Arch.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4470\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4470  \" alt=\"Sam Wilkeson (NPS)\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/Sam-Wilkeson-NPS-via-Nat-Arch-211x300.jpg\" width=\"211\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/Sam-Wilkeson-NPS-via-Nat-Arch-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/Sam-Wilkeson-NPS-via-Nat-Arch.jpg 402w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4470\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sam Wilkeson (Archives)<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4472\" style=\"width: 239px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/lccn\/sn83030272\/1889-12-03\/ed-1\/seq-1.pdf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4472\" class=\" wp-image-4472 \" alt=\"Sam Wilkeson (NY Sun)\" src=\"http:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/Wilkeson-229x300.jpg\" width=\"229\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/Wilkeson-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/files\/2013\/09\/Wilkeson.jpg 351w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4472\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sam Wilkeson (New York Sun)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Now, I am not willing to bet my tenure on this, but I think that the Smithsonian Wilkeson (1859) is the same as the <em>New York Sun<\/em> Wilkeson (1889), just bearded in that latter illustration. \u00a0The lines of the face, however, strike me as almost identical. \u00a0But I don&#8217;t quite know what to make of the National Archives Wilkeson or the <em>Buffalo News<\/em> Wilkeson. \u00a0The image quality isn&#8217;t quite good enough for me to decide, but they seem (especially the Buffalo Wilkeson) to be a different person (and probably different from each other as well). \u00a0What do you think? \u00a0There&#8217;s certainly more researching and phone calling to do, which I haven&#8217;t yet accomplished, but I appreciated the quick extra help from my class-sourcing exercise the other day and would like to continue to seek help if others would provide it. \u00a0Feel free to comment here and leave your opinion, or contact me directly by email (pinskerm@dickinson.edu) to share any insights.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As readers of Blog Divided are well aware, we have been fascinated by the story of Samuel and Bayard Wilkeson, a father and son who were both at Gettysburg, one as a correspondent for the\u00a0New York Times and the other as a 2LT for the Union army. \u00a0The son died on the battle&#8217;s first day [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[80,4760,156,81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-civil-war-1861-1865","category-history-online","category-images","category-recent-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4466"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4486,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4466\/revisions\/4486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/housedivided.dickinson.edu\/sites\/blogdivided\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}